List of figures ____________________________________________________________ 9 List of tables ____________________________________________________________ 10 Glossary of Abbreviations _________________________________________________ 11 Glossary of Terms _______________________________________________________ 13 Executive Summary______________________________________________________ 16 1 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________ 20 1.1 Background _________________________________________________________ 20 1.2 Issues of the Sector ____________________________________________________ 21 1.3 Alternatives for Capacity provision ______________________________________ 22 1.4 Research Gap ________________________________________________________ 24 1.5 Aim & Objectives of the Study __________________________________________ 24 1.6 Study Approach ______________________________________________________ 26 1.7 Scope & Limitations __________________________________________________ 26 2 GROWTH IN AIR TRANSPORTATION SECTOR ________________________ 28 2.1 Overview ____________________________________________________________ 28 2.2 Current Aviation scenario and Air traffic trend____________________________ 28 2.3 Factors contributing to the air traffic growth ______________________________ 29 2.4 Composition of the growth _____________________________________________ 30 2.5 Analysis of the Growth ________________________________________________ 31 2.6 Comparative Analysis of other Countries Aviation Growth __________________ 36 2.7 Air traffic Forecast India _____________________________________________ 39 2.8 Air traffic Growth (Unconstrained) ______________________________________ 42 2.9 Discussion of Results __________________________________________________ 42 2.10 Conclusion __________________________________________________________ 43 3 AIRPORTS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS _____________________________ 44 3.1 Overview ____________________________________________________________ 44 3.2 Functions of Civil Airport ______________________________________________ 44 3.3 The Nature and range of airport services _________________________________ 44 3.4 Airport Infrastructure and determinants of Airport Capacity ________________ 45 3.5 Measures to deal with Airport capacity Scarcity ___________________________ 46 3.6 Approaches to capacity addition Supply Side ____________________________ 48 3.7 Comparative analysis of the Approaches _________________________________ 50 Conclusion ________________________________________________________________ 51 4 AIRPORT SECTOR IN INDIA ________________________________________ 52 4.1 Over View ___________________________________________________________ 52 4.2 Number of Airports ___________________________________________________ 52 4.3 Civil Aviation Sector Reforms __________________________________________ 54 4.4 Legislative and Regulatory Framework __________________________________ 54 4.5 Policy on Airport infrastructure 1997 ____________________________________ 55 4.6 Review of Policy on Airport infrastructure ________________________________ 56 4.7 Key Governing Authorities _____________________________________________ 57 Conclusion ________________________________________________________________ 59 5 FUTURE NEEDS FOR AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ___________________ 61 5.1 Analysis of future needs for Airport Infrastructure _________________________ 61 5.2 Capacity needs for Short term (up to year 2012) ___________________________ 62 5.3 Airport Capacities Improvement initiatives _______________________________ 64 5.4 Capacity needs for Medium & Long Term ________________________________ 66 Conclusion ________________________________________________________________ 69 6 MULTI AIRPORT SYSTEMS _________________________________________ 70 6.1 Concept of Multi Airport System ________________________________________ 70 1.1 Multi Airport Systems and Scaling dynamics of Air transportation system _____ 71 6.2 Need for Multi Airport Systems _________________________________________ 72 6.3 Barriers for creating Multi Airport Systems _______________________________ 73 6.4 Success factors for Multi Airport Systems ________________________________ 74 6.5 Multi Airport Systems world wide _______________________________________ 76 6.6 Multi Airport Systems Fundamental mechanisms of evolution ______________ 78 6.7 Pattern of Concentration in Multi Airport Systems _________________________ 80 6.8 Reasons for traffic Concentration _______________________________________ 82 6.9 Threshold of Viability for a Second Airport _______________________________ 83 6.10 Case Studies of Multi Airport Systems ___________________________________ 85 Conclusion ________________________________________________________________ 93 7 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS _____________________________ 94 7.1 Growth & its limitations _______________________________________________ 94 7.2 Air traffic forecast & growth drivers in India _____________________________ 94 7.3 Capacity needs and options suggested ____________________________________ 95 7.4 Multi Airport Systems _________________________________________________ 96 7.5 Recommendations ____________________________________________________ 98 8 ANNEXURE ______________________________________________________ 100 Case Studies of Multi Airport Systems ________________________________________ 100 Bibliography ______________________________________________________________ 105