CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Need for study 1 1.2 Aim 3 1.3 Objectives 3 1.4 Research Questions 3 1.5 Methodology 4 1.6 Scope and Limitations 6 1.7 Chapter Outline 6 CHAPTER 2 GREEN STRUCTURE PLANNING AND URBAN GROWTH 2.1 Introduction 7 2.1.1 History 7 2.1.2 Development of public parks in Europe and America 7 2.1.3 History of Indian gardens 8 2.1.4 Concept of Garden city 9 2.2 Concept of Urban Green Space 10 2.2.1 Definition of Urban Green Space 10 2.2.2 Overview of Urban Green Spaces 13 2.2.3 Defining Urban Green structure 14 2.3 Urban Green Spaces A Perspective 15 2.3.1 A social perspective 16 2.3.2 A planning perspective 16 2.3.3 An economic perspective 16 2.3.4 An ecological perspective 16 2.4 Purpose and Importance of Greenery in Urban Spaces 17 2.5 Types of Urban Green Space 17 2.6 Problems Faced in Different Cities for Retaining the Green Cover 20 2.7 Methodology to Maintain and Enhance the Green Cover 20 2.8 Rules and Regulations for Retaining the Existing Areas 22 2.9 Standards for Recreational Spaces 23 2.10 Role of Non Governmental Organizations in Improving the Environment 24 2.11 Assessment Indicators for Urban Green Space 24 2.11.1 Quantity of the urban green system 25 2.11.2 Quality of the urban green system 25 2.11.3 Use of the urban green system 26 2.11.4 Planning, development and management of the urban green system 26 2.12 Findings and Conclusions 26 CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDY 27 3.1 Case Study Pune 27 3.1.1 History of Pune 27 3.1.2 Linkages and Connectivity 27 3.2 Demography 28 3.2.1 Population Growth Trends 28 3.2.2 Municipal Area 29 3.2.3 Population Density 29 3.2.4 Spatial Distribution of Population 29 3.2.5 Other Demographic Indicators 32 3.2.6 Administrative Zones 32 3.3 Land Use 33 3.3.1 Morphological Development of the Pune City 33 3.2.2 Land use as per Development Plan 34 3.2.3 Review of Development Plan 35 3.4 Urban Environment 36 3.4.1 River and Water 36 3.4.2 Air 37 3.4.3 Noise 38 3.5 Key Issues 38 3.5.1 The Key issues with regards to land use planning 38 3.5.2 The Key issues with regards to urban environment 39 3.6 Strategies Formulated For Pune City 39 3.5.1 Strategies for Land Use and Development Planning 39 3.5.2 Strategies for Urban Environment 40 3.5.3 Strategies for Growth Management 40 CHAPTER 4 - GREEN SPACE ANALYSIS 42 4.1 Introduction 42 4.2 Parameters for Analysis 43 4.3 Quantity of urban green spaces 44 4.3.1 Land use of Pune 44 4.3.2 Land conversion of different habitat from year 1950 to 2000 45 4.3.3 Comparison of norms 45 4.3.4 Reservation deleted from 1987 draft plan 46 4.4 Quantity of Urban Green Areas 46 4.4.1 Availibity of urban green space 46 4.4.2 Ward wise density (trees/Ha) 47 4.4.3 Ward wise area of parks 48 4.4.4 Trees cut legally in last 5 years 50 4.4.5 Trees replanted in last 5 years 51 4.5 Quality of Urban Green Areas 51 4.5.1 Landscape Character 51 4.5.2 Pollution 52 4.5.3 Aesthetic Value 52 4.5.4 Cultural / Religious / Historical importance 52 4.6 Use of Urban Green Areas 52 4.6.1 Frequency of Visit 53 4.6.2 Time of Visit 54 4.6.3 Age Group 55 4.6.4 Travel Mode 56 4.6.5 Duration of Time Spent In the Park 57