CONTENTS Page No. List of tables i List of figures iii Executive summary iv Chapter - 1 INTRODUCTION 1 - 8 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Special features of Kerala agriculture 1 1.3 Need for the study 3 1.4 Aim 4 1.5 Objective 4 1.6 Research questions 4 1.7 Scope 5 1.8 Methodology 5 1.9 Limitations 7 1.10 Organisation of the report 8 Chapter - 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 - 18 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Food security 9 2.3 Shift in cropping pattern 10 2.4 Sustainability in agriculture 12 2.5 Decline in paddy cultivation 13 2.6 Challenges of paddy cultivation in Kerala 14 2.7 Environmental function of paddy cultivation 16 2.8 Summary 17 Chapter - 3 AGRICULTURE IN KERALA 19 - 25 3.1 Geographical aspects 19 3.2 Social mobility 19 3.3 Laws and institutions 20 3.4 Land use 22 3.5 Operational holding 22 3.6 Trend in area and production of rice 23 3.7 Area under different crops 24 3.8 Decline in employment 24 3.9 Summary 25 Chapter - 4 WAYANAD 26 - 35 4.1 Introduction 26 4.2 Population 28 4.3 Bio diversity 29 4.4 Land use 30 4.5 Agriculture 31 4.6 Paddy cultivation 33 4.7 Area under different crops, comparison of Wayanad with Kerala 34 4.8 Summary 35 Chapter - 5 VILLAGE LEVEL ANALYSIS - MANANTHAVADY 36 - 46 5.1 Profile of the village 36 5.2 Primary analysis 38 5.3 Summary 46 Chapter - 6 VILLAGE LEVEL ANALYSIS - KANIYAMPETTA 47 - 57 6.1 Profile of the village 47 6.2 Primary analysis 48 6.3 Summary 57 Chapter - 7 VILLAGE LEVEL ANALYSIS - NENMENI 58 - 68 7.1 Profile of the village 58 7.2 Primary analysis 59 7.3 Summary 68 Chapter - 8 ISSUES AND DISCUSSION 69 - 80 8.1 Reduction in area under paddy cultivation 69 8.2 Reason for conversion 71 8.3 Financial analysis 74 8.4 Implications 75 8.5 Laws and institutions 78 8.6 Future scenario 78 Chapter - 9 CONCLUSION 81 - 83 9.1 Strategies and policies 82 Annexure Reference