Table of Contents List of Tables i List of Figures ii List of Maps iv List of Graphs iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY V 1. Background of the study vi 2. Study Area vi 3. Objectives of the study vii 4. Observations from the study vii 5. Conclusion viii 6. Scope of Work ix CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Contemporary Situation 3 1.3 Need of study 4 1.4 Research Questions 5 1.5 Aim 5 1.6 Objectives 5 1.7 Hypothesis 6 1.8 Scope and Limitations 6 1.9 Methodology 6 CHAPTER-2 URBAN FLOODING IN INDIA 8 2.1 Overview of Urbanization in India 9 2.2 Effects of Urbanization on drainage 11 2.3 Floods 14 2.3.1 Types of floods 14 2.3.2 Causes of Floods 15 2.4 Floods in Gujarat 16 2.5 Recent flood disaster in India 17 2.6 Case Studies 18 2.6.1 Mumbai Floods 19 2.6.1.1 Causes of recent Flood 20 2.6.1.2 Effects of Flood 21 2.6.2 Ahmedabad floods 22 2.6.2.1 Effects Of Floods 22 2.6.2.2 Causes Of Floods 23 2.6.3 Vadodara Floods 24 2.6.3.1 History of floods 24 2.6.3.2 Causes of the recent flood 25 2.6.3.3 Effects of flood 26 2.7 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 28 2.7.1 Estimation of magnitude of a flood peak 29 CHAPTER-3 VADODARA CITY AND DRAINAGE 31 3.1 History 32 3.2 Location 32 3.3 Hydrological Features 33 3.4 Climate 33 3.5 Temperature and Rainfall 33 3.6 Topography 33 3.7 Demographic Profile 34 3.8 Land use changes 36 3.9 Existing infrastructure facilities 38 3.10 Existing Storm Water Drainage 39 3.11 Major Kaans 44 3.12 Minor Kaans 47 3.13 Present Conditions of Lakes 51 CHAPTER-4 FLOOD ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSALS 55 4.1 Flood Profile of Vadodara 56 4.1.1 Floods in 1927 58 4.1.2 Floods in 1976 59 4.1.3 Floods in 2005 60 4.2 Details of Flood Hazard In 2005 61 4.3 Factors Responsible For Flooding 64 4.1.1 Technical issues 65 4.1.2 Managerial and Institutional issues 72 4.4 Identifying Low Lying Areas of City 85 4.5 Assessing the rainfall-runoff relationship 93 CHAPTER-5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 104 5.1 Recommendations 105 5.2 Conclusion 107 REFERENCES 108 ANNEXURE 111