Abstract ix Acknowledgements xi CONTENTS xiii List of Figures xv List of Tables xvii List of Abbreviations xix 1. Introduction 1 1.1.1. Background of the research 1 1.2. Need of the study : 2 1.3. The Research Study: 3 1.3.1. Aim: 3 1.3.2. Objective: 3 1.3.3. Hypothesis 3 1.3.4. Scope: 4 1.3.5. Methodology: 4 2. Precast Technology 5 2.1. The Concept of precast construction 5 2.2. Why Precast Concrete ? 5 2.3. Basic advantages of hollow-core Panel 7 2.4. Technical Specification 8 3. Evaluation and Analysis 9 3.1. Resource Efficiency 9 3.1.1. Concrete mix design for conventional In-situ method 9 3.1.2. Concrete Mix Design for Hollow-core Panel in India at present 10 3.1.3. Alternative Method for Manufacturing Module 11 Page xiv of 62 Maharishi Thula 3.1.4. High- Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFA Concrete) 11 3.1.5. Fly ash as a water reducer 12 3.2. Life cycle Assessment 15 3.2.1. System Boundary 16 3.2.2. Current Situation 16 3.2.3. Energy Inputs for Precast Concrete Production 17 3.2.4. Energy Inputs for Precast Concrete Productionby Fuel Type 18 3.2.5. Hollow core panel for Wall 19 3.2.6. Energy Inputs 21 3.2.7. Emissionas to air 22 3.3. Energy Efficiency 23 3.3.1. Thermal Propertties 23 3.3.2. Thermal Efficiency 24 3.3.3. Application of Hollow-core unit in a building 25 3.3.4. Hollow core Panel with Radiant Air System 26 3.3.5. Increased Thermal Capacity 27 3.3.6. Advantages of using Hollow core Panel with Radiant Air System. 27 3.4. Design Flexibility 28 3.4.1. Cost Reduction 28 3.5. Affordability 29 3.5.1. Design Synopsis 29 3.5.2. Installation 30 3.6. Rate Analysis 32 4. Recommendation and Conclusion 35 4.1. Conclusion 37 5. Bibliography 39