CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AIMS AND OBJECTIVES CHAPTERISATION METHODOLOGY SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 1 PROPERTIES OF EXPOSED REINFORCED CONCRETE AND ITS DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS 1.1 Material and its importance 11 1.2 Properties of exposed reinforced concrete and its comparison with brick and steel 11 1.2.A Structural 1.2.B Formal 1.2.C Visual 1.3 Exposed rc and the design and construction considerations 15 2 EVOLUTION OF AN EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OF EXPOSED RC: A STUDY THROUGH HISTORY 2.1 Evolution of reinforced concrete 23 2.1.A Concrete: Origin and Revival. 2.2.B Introduction of reinforced concrete 2.2 The architectural scenario in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century 25 2.3 Evolution of an expressive language of exposed rc 25 2.3.A Realization of structural potential of reinforced concrete and the visual expression of structure 26 2.3.B Realization of formal potential of reinforced concrete and its expression 32 2.3.C Realization of visual potential of concrete and its expression 35 2.3.C.1 (Non) Expression of concrete 2.3.C.2 Recognition of material: Exposed Concrete construction process and texture 2.3.C.3 Visual articulation of exposed concrete 2.3.C.4 Exposed concrete and its translation of the nature of a project 2.3.D Influence of exposed concrete on the overall design language 40 2.3.D.1 Exposed concrete and details 2.3.D.2 Exposed concrete and colour 2.3.D.3 Exposed concrete and light 2.3.E Formation of an expressive language influenced by exposed reinforced concrete 42 2.4 The ethic and aesthetic of material and the language of Brutalism 42 2.5 The architectural scenario in India 45 3 ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDIES Parameters for analysis of case studies Criteria for selection of case studies 1. Ahmedabad Textile Mill Owners Association 49 2. L.D. Institute of Indology 57 3. Dena Bank 65 4. Prathama Blood Centre 73 Introduction Expression of: 3.X.1 exposed concrete and the nature of the project 3.X.2.A exposed concreteconstruction process and texture 3.X.2.B visual articulation of exposed concrete 3.X.3.A reinforced concrete and form 3.X.3.B reinforced concrete and structure 3.X.4.A exposed concrete and details 3.X.4.B exposed concrete and colours 3.X.4.C exposed concrete and light Conclusion CONCLUDING ANALYSIS 84 BIBLIOGRAPHY 89 ILLUSTRATION CREDITS 92 APPENDIX93 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 94