CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION 1 Mass housing A form of housing CHAPTER 17 Emergence of a building type - High-rise dwellings - Defense camps - Roman camps - Tower houses - Skyscrapers of Yemen - Social motives - Collective living - Housing as a commodity - Residence and place of work - The city in the park - postwar housing - Mixed development - Standardisation - eastern block - Material and technology - Modern movement - High-density and overcrowding - Models - housing as an integral part of city planning - Modernist approach Le Corbusiers urban models - Socialist approach Gropius and the Zeilenbau principle of housing - Megastructures - Visual impact - Facade and skyline CHAPTER 2 25 Limitations - Loss of connection with ground - Strained relation of community and dwelling - Stark nature of transitional and open spaces - Special user group needs - Increased structure and mechanical services - Increased maintenance needs - Increased circulation areas - Confinement - Constrained growth Potentials - Release of open space / green space - Shared community facilities - High density and concentration of services - Focus / landmark value - Less sound and air pollution - Better planning - Vistas CHAPTER 3 35 Design obligations and demands - Form of housing - Slab blocks - Point blocks - Agglomerative blocks - Mixed house form - Units and clustering - Domain - Core - Variations - Clustering - Circulation systems - Building as street - Elevated streets and their impact Community facilities - Collective living - Design responses - Aspect of flexibility - Open-endedness and predetermination CHAPTER 4 47 Design responses - Park hill - Robin hood gardens - Mhada - Sumeru apartments - Nagakin capsule tower - Kanchenjunga - Byker wall - Udayan Summary Siteplans Case study - Habitat 67 CONCLUSION 113 BIBLIOGRAPHY 120 ILLUSTRATION CREDITS 122