CONTENTS List of Figures viii List of Tables ix List of Boxes x List of Case studies xi Acknowledgements xii 1Climate change - an urban problem? 1 Introducing climate change 1 What has climate change got to do with the city?5 Urban worlds and climate-change futures 9 Chapter outline 14 Discussion points 16 Further reading and resources 16 2 Climate risk and vulnerability in the city 18 Introduction 18 The urban impacts of climate change 20 Climate change and urban vulnerability 28 Conclusions 42 Discussion points 43 Further reading and resources 43 3Accounting for urban GHG emissions 45 Introduction 45 Assessing the urban contribution to climate change 47 Urban difference and the drivers of GHG emissions 58 Conclusions 69 Discussion points 69 Further reading and resources 70 4Governing climate change in the city 71 Introduction 71 Charting the emergence of urban climate-change responses 74 Understanding the nature of urban climate governance 91 Conclusions 104 Discussion points 105 Further reading and resources 105 5Climate-change mitigation and low-carbon cities 106 Introduction 106 What is mitigation? 108 Making mitigation policy 109 Municipal climate-change mitigation in action 118 The drivers and challenges of mitigation 132 Conclusions 138 Discussion points 140 Further reading and resources 141 6Urban adaptation - towards climate-resilient cities? 142 Introduction 142 What is adaptation? 144 Making adaptation policy 150 Municipal climate-change adaptation in practice 163 Drivers and barriers for urban climate-change adaptation 179 Conclusions 187 Discussion points 188 Further reading and resources 188 7Climate-change experiments and alternatives in the city 190 Introduction 190 Sowing the seeds of change? 192 Experiments in practice 200 Alternatives: moving beyond the mainstream? 215 Conclusions 226 Discussion points 227 Further reading and resources 227 8Conclusions 229 Changing climate, changing cities? 230 Urban futures: towards climate justice? 235 Bibliography 238 Index 255