CONTENTS
Preface vii
Acknowledgement viii
Syllabus ix
CHAPTER 1: DIELECTRICS 1
Learning Objectives I
1 Introduction 1
2 Polarisation of Dielectric (Effect of an electric field on a dielectric) 2
3 Some Basic Terms Associated with Dielectrics 3
4 Electrical Polarisation Mechanisms 8
5 Internal Field (Local field) 16
6 Clausius-Mossotti Equation 21
7 Types of Dielectric Materials 23
8 Classification of Insulating Materials 25
1.9 Properties of a Good Dielectric Material 26
1.10 Specific Applications of Dielectrics 26
Summary 28
Assignment Problems 28
Questions with Answers 28
Additional Questions 30
Descriptive Answer Questions 30
CHAPTER 2: MAGNETIC MATERIALS 31
Learning Objectives 31
1 Introduction 31
2 Basic Important Terms and Units in Magnetism 31
3 Origin of Magnetic Moments 35
4 Magnetic Moment Due to Electrons 36
5 Classification of Magnetic Materials 43
6 Diamagnetism 44
7 Paramagnetism 45
8 Ferromagnetism 45
9 Antiferromagnctism 46
10 Ferrimagnetism 47
11 Domain Theory of Ferromagnetism 48
12 Hysteresis 50
13 Comparison Between Dia, Para and Ferromagnetic Materials 53
14 Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials 54
15 Ferrites 58
16 Applications of Magnetic Materials in Storage Devices 62
17 Magnetic Recording and Read-out of Information
from Magnetic Storage Devices 63
18 Storage of Magnetic Data (Magnetic storage) 66
Summary 70
Assignment Problems 71
Questions With Answers 7/
Additional Questions 75
Descriptive Answer Questions 75
CHAPTER 3: ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS 77
Learning Objectives 77
1 Introduction 77
2 Classification of Sound 77
3 Characteristics of Musical Sound 79
4 Intensity 80
5 Absorption Coefficient 'a' 85
6 Sound Absorbing Materials 86
7 Reverberation and Reverberation Time 87
8 Measurement of Absorption Coefficient 88
9 Factors Affecting Acoustics of Buildings and their Remedies 92
10 Sound Insulation 96
11 Noise Pollution 96
12 Noise Control in Machines 96
Summary 97
Assignment Problems 98
Questions With Answers 98
Additional Questions 100
Descriptive Answer Questions 101
CHAPTER 4: ULTRASONICS 102
Learning Objectives 102
1 Introduction 102
2 Production of Ultrasonic Waves 103
3 Determination of Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves (Acoustic grating method) 108
4 Applications of Ultrasonic Waves 111
5 Applications of Ultrasonics in Industry 119
6 Medical Applications of Ultrasonics 121
7 Other Applications of Ultrasonics 122
Summary 122
Questions With Answers 123
Additional Questions 126
Descriptive Answer Questions 126
CHAPTER 5: SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS 128
Learning Objectives 128
1 Introduction 128
2 Superconductor 128
3 Critical Temperature T (Transition temperature) 129
4 Properties of Superconductors 130
5 Types of Superconductors 137
6 Comparison Between Type I and Type II Superconductors 138
7 High T Superconductors 138
8 Applications of Superconductors 141
Summary 145
Assignment Problems 145
Questions With Answers 146
Descriptive Answer Questions 149
CHAPTER 6: LASERS 150
Learning Objectives 150
1 Introduction 150
2 Characteristics of Laser 150
3 Einstein's Theory 151
4 Basic Concepts in Laser Physics 157
6 5 Nd: Yag Laser 159
6 Applications of Laser 161
7 Lasers in Material Processing 161
Summary 167
Questions With Answers 167
Additional Questions 170
Descriptive Answer Questions 170
CHAPTER 7: OPTICAL FIBRE 171
Learning Objectives 171
1 Introduction 171
2 Fibre-Optic System 171
3 The Primary Advantages of Fibre-Optic Communication Compared
to Metallic Cable (Electrical) Communication 172
4 Fibre Cable Construction 173
5 Basic Principle—Total Internal Reflection 174
6 Acceptance Angle and Numerical Aperture 175
7 Types of Optical Fibres 181
8 Types of Optical Fibres Based on Material 182
9 Propagation (Transmission) of Light Through an Optical Fibre 182
7 10 Index Profile 184
11 Fibre Configurations 185
12 Difference Between Singlemode Fibre and Multimode Fibre 188
13 Difference Between Step Index Fibre and Graded Index Fibre 189
14 Fibre Optic Communication Link 189
Summary 191
Assignment Problems 192
Questions With Answers 192
Additional Questions 193
Descriptive Answer Questions 194
CHAPTER 8: NANOPHYSICS 195
Learning Objectives 195
1 Introduction 195
2 Classification of Nanostructures 196
3 Synthesis 200
4 Properties of Nanomaterials 207
5 Applications of Nanomaterials 208
6 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTS) 209
7 Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 210
8 Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes 2'3
8.9 Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 216
8.10 Application of CNT'S 216
Summary 217
Questions With Answers 217
Additional Questions 218
Descriptive Answer Questions 219
CHAPTER 9: ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 220
Learning Objectives 220
1 Introduction 220
2 Metallic glasses 220
3 Smart materials 224
4 Shape Memory alloys (SMA) 224
5 Biomaterials230
6 Solar Cells (Photovoltaic cell) 234
7 Fuel Cells 236
8 Lithium Cell 236
9 Ultracapacitors 23?
Summary 239
Questions with Answers 240
Additional Questions 244
Descriptive Answer Questions 244
PRACTICALS 247
Practical 1: Ultrasonic Interferometer—Compressibility of a Liquid 249
Practical 2: Laser: Determination of Wavelength, Particle Size,
Numerical Aperture and Acceptance Angle 254
Experiment - 2A Experiment - 2B Experiment - 2C
Practical 3: Band Gap Determination of a Semiconductor 269
Experiment - 3 : Four Probe Method
Practical 4: Diode—Characteristics 275
Practical 5: Zener Diode—Characteristics 281
Practical 6: Hysteresis Loss in a Ferromagnetic Material 287
Practical 7: LED—Characteristics 293
MCQs on Bridge Course in Physics BC1
Solved GTU Question Paper Dec 2013 QP1
Solved GTU Question Paper June 2014 QP10