CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION & CONCEPTS 17
1 Introduction to Internet of Things 19
1 Introduction 20
1.1.1 Definition & Characteristics of loT 22
2 Physical Design of loT 23
1 Things in loT 23
2 loT Protocols 23
1.3 Logical Design of loT 29
1 loT Functional Blocks 29
2 loT Communication Models 30
3 loT Communication APIs 32
1.4 loT Enabling Technologies 35
1 Wireless Sensor Networks 35
2 Cloud Computing 36
3 Big Data Analytics 37
4 Communication Protocols 37
5 Embedded Systems 38
1.5 loT Levels & Deployment Templates 38
1 loTLevel-1 39
2 loT Level-2 40
3 loT Level-3 41
4 loTLevel-4 42
5 loT Level-5 43
6 loT Level-6 44
2 Domain Specific loTs 47
1 Introduction 48
2 Home Automation 48
1 Smart Lighting 48
2 Smart Appliances 48
3 Intrusion Detection 49
4 Smoke/Gas Detectors 50
2.3 Cities 50
1 Smart Parking 50
2 Smart Lighting 50
3 Smart Roads 50
4 Structural Health Monitoring 51
5 Surveillance 51
6 Emergency Response 52
2.4 Environment 52
1 Weather Monitoring 52
2 Air Pollution Monitoring 52
3 Noise Pollution Monitoring 53
4 Forest Fire Detection 53
5 River Floods Detection 54
2.5 Energy 54
1 Smart Grids 54
2 Renewable Energy Systems 55
3 Prognostics 55
2.6 Retail 56
1 Inventory Management 56
2 Smart Payments 56
3 Smart Vending Machines 56
2.7 Logistics 57
1 Route Generation & Scheduling 57
2 Fleet Tracking 58
3 Shipment Monitoring 58
4 Remote Vehicle Diagnostics 59
2.8 Agriculture 59
1 Smart Irrigation 59
2 Green House Control 59
2.9 Industry 60
1 Machine Diagnosis & Prognosis 60
2 Indoor Air Quality Monitoring 61
2.10 Health & Lifestyle 62
1 Health & Fitness Moniloring 62
2 Wearable Electronics 63
3 loTandM2M 65
1 Introduction 66
2 M2M 66
3 Difference between loT and M2M 67
4 SDN and NFV for loT 69
1 Software Defined Networking 69
2 Network Function Virtualization 73
4 loT System Management with NETCONF-YANG 79
1 Need for loT Systems Management 80
2 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 81
4.2.1 Limitations of SNMP 81
3 Network Operator Requirements 82
4 NETCONF 83
5 YANG 84
6 loT Systems Management with NETCONF-YANG 91
4.6.1 NETOPEER 93
II DEVELOPING INTERNET OF THINGS 97
loT Platforms Design Methodology 99
1 Introduction 100
2 loT Design Methodology 100
1 Step 1: Purpose & Requirements Specification 100
2 Step 2: Process Specification 101
3 Step 3: Domain Model Specification 102
4 Step 4: Information Model Specification 103
5 Step 5: Service Specifications 103
6 Step 6: loT Level Specification 105
7 Step 7: Functional View Specification 106
8 Step 8: Operational View Specification 109
9 Step 9: Device & Component Integration 111
10 Step 10: Application De/elopment 111
3 Case Study on loT System for Weather Monitoring 111
4 Motivation for Using Python 115
6 loT Systems - Logical Design using Python 121
1 Introduction 122
2 Installing Python 123
3 Python Data Types & Data Structures 123
1 Numbers 123
2 Strings 125
3 Lists 126
4 Tuple 127
5 Dictionaries 128
6 Type Conversions 129
6.4 Control Flow 129
1 if 129
2 for 130
3 while 131
4 range 131
5 break/continue 131
6 pass 132
5 Functions 132
6 Modules 135
7 Packages 137
8 File Handling 138
9 Date/Time Operations 140
10 Classes 141
11 Python Packages of Interest for loT 144
1 JSON 144
2 XML 145
3 HTTPLib & URLLib 147
4 SMTPLib 149
7 loT Physical Devices & Endpoints 153
1 What is an loT Device 154
7.1.1 Basic building blocks of an loT Device 154
2 Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi 155
3 About the Board 155
4 Linux on Raspberry Pi 156
7.5 Raspberry Pi Interfaces 162
1 Serial 162
2 SPI 162
3 I2C 162
7.6 Programming Raspberry Pi with Python 162
1 Controlling LED with Raspberry Pi 162
2 Interfacing an LED and Switch with Raspberry Pi 164
3 Interfacing a Light Sensor (LDR) with Raspberry Pi 166
7.7 Other loT Devices 167
1 pcDuino 167
2 BeagleBone Black 168
3 Cubieboard 168
8 loT Physical Servers & Cloud Offerings 171
1 Introduction to Cloud Storage Models & Communication APIs 172
2 WAMP - AutoBahn for loT 172
3 Xively Cloud for loT 176
4 Python Web Application Framework - Django 179
1 Django Architecture 180
2 Starting Development with Django 180
5 Designing a RESTful Web API 188
6 Amazon Web Services for loT 193
1 Amazon EC2 193
2 Amazon AutoScaling 196
3 Amazon S3 199
4 Amazon RDS 199
5 Amazon DynamoDB 202
6 Amazon Kinesis 204
7 Amazon SQS 206
8 Amazon EMR 209
8.7 Sky Net loT Messaging Platform 211
9 Case Studies Illustrating loT Design 217
1 Introduction 218
2 Home Automation 218
1 Smart Lighting 218
2 Home Intrusion Detection 226
9.3 Cities 237
9.3.1 Smart Parking 237
9.4 Environment 247
1 Weather Monitoring System 247
2 Weather Reporting Bot 263
3 Air Pollution Monitoring 266
4 Forest Fire Detection 270
5 Agriculture 275
9.5.1 Smart Irrigation 275
6 Productivity Applications 278
9.6.1 loT Printer 278
III ADVANCED TOPICS 283
10 Data Analytics for loT 285
1 Introduction 286
2 Apache Hadoop 292
1 MapReduce Programming Model 292
2 Hadoop MapReduce Job Execution 292
3 MapReduce Job Execution Workflow 294
4 Hadoop Cluster Setup 295
3 Using Hadoop MapReduce for Batch Data Analysis 301
10.3.1 Hadoop YARN 303
4 Apache Oozie 311
1 Setting up Oozie 311
2 Oozie Workflows for loT Data Analysis 312
5 Apache Spark 320
6 Apache Storm 325
10.6.1 Setting up a Storm Cluster 326
7 Using Apache Storm for Real-time Data Analysis 330
1 REST-based approach 330
2 WebSocket-based approach 337
10.8 Structural Health Monitoring Case Study 342
11 Tools for loT 351
1 Introduction 352
2 Chef 352
11.2.1 Setting up Chef 354
11.3 Chef Case Studies 355
1 Multi-tier Application Deployment 355
2 Hadoop Cluster 360
3 Storm Cluster 368
4 Puppet 372
5 Puppet Case Study - Multi-tier Deployment 374
6 NETCONF-YANG Case Studies 377
1 Steps for loT device Management with NETCONF-YANG 378
2 Managing Smart Irrigation loT System with NETCONF-YANG 379
3 Managing Home Intrusion Detection loT System with NETCONF-YANG 392
11.7 loT Code Generator 405
Appendix-A - Setting up Raspberry Pi 413
Appendix-B - Setting up Ubuntu VM 419
Appendix-C - Setting up Django 432
Bibliography 440
Index 441