CONTENTS
PARTI INTRODUCTION
1: An Overview of Travel by Design 3
Urban Design and Transportation Planning 3
Travel by Design? 5
Will the New Designs Work? 11
Will the New Designs Be Implemented? 12
Urban Design in the Context of Transportation Policy 13
PART II TRAVEL BEHAVIOR
2: The Trouble with Traffic 17
The Theory of Social Costs 19
Air Quality Regulation and Automobile Emissions 20 Traffic Congestion 25 Neighborhood Quality of Life 29 Summary 30
3: Studies of Urban Form and Travel 33
The Influence of Transportation on Urban Form 33
The Influence of Urban Form on Travel 35
Hypothetical Studies 39
Descriptive Studies 44
Multivariate Statistical Studies 47
Summary 58
4: The Demand for Travel 61
A Behavioral Framework 61
The Generic Impacts of Design Features on Travel 68
Issues for Applied Empirical Work 72
An Empirical Strategy 75. Summary 79
5: An Empirical Study of Travel Behavior 81
Overview and Data 81
Base Models 87
Incorporating Choices About Residential Location:
An Empirical Model 94
Incorporating Choices About Residential Location:
Results 96
Summary and Discussion 103
PART III THE SUPPLY OF PLACE
6: Neighborhood Supply Issues 109
9Neighborhood Supply 109
Market Failure and Government Failure 111
Planning Incentives 114
Policy and Neighborhood Supply 116
7: Transit-Oriented Planning 119
Transit-Oriented Planning 119
Evidence from Southern California 124
In terpreting th e Evidence 131
Two Behavioral Models of Transit-Oriented Planning 132 Summary 143
8: A Case Study of Planning 147
Data Sources and Background 148
Transit-Oriented Development in the City
of La Mesa 155
Transit-Oriented Development in the City
of San Diego 160
Barriers to TOD Implementation
in San Diego County 162 Summary 166
PART IV WHAT ROLE FOR TRAVEL BY DESIGN?
9: Lessons for Research and Practice 171
The Influence of the Built Environment on Travel 172
Neighborhood Supply Obstacles 174
Is Urban Design Good Transportation Policy? 175
Policy Implications: Incentive versus
Outcome Regulation 177
Directions for Future Research 179
Appendix: Data and Data Collection Methods
for Chapter 7, by Sourc 181
Notes 185
References 201
Index 221