CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION, BY ALEXANDROS A. LAVDAS. 7
AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION. 9
PREFACE, BY GEORGE PAPANIKOLAOU 11
LECTURE 1: COMPLEXITY AND SCALING.
1.1. Recursion and the Fibonacci sequence. 17
1.2. Universal scaling. 21
1.3. Biophilia. 27
1.4. Scaling from division. 29
1.5. Combinatorial complexity. 31
LECTURE 2 : FRACTALS AND GRAVITY.
2.1. Geometric Recursion and Fractals: the Sierpinski gasket.37
2.2. Perforation, bending, and folding. 43
2.3. Anti-gravity anxiety. 49
2.4. Architecture of the horizontal. 51
LECTURE 3 :' SMALLER COMPONENTS AND SUSTAINABILITY.
3.1. Universal distribution of sizes. 57
3.2. Fractal design, ornament, and biophilia. 62
3.3. Sustainable systems. 70
LECTURE 4 : CELLULAR AUTOMATA AND HYPERSPACE.
4.1. Cellular automata. 77
4.2. Sierpinski carpets and sea-shells. 80
4.3. Design in hyperspace and connection to the sacred. 86

LECTURE 5 : DESIGN AS COMPUTATION WITH CONSTRAINTS.
5.1. Architectural harmony. 95
5.2. Christopher Alexander's theory of centers. 97
5.3. Design as computation. 105
5.4. Computational reducibility. 109
LECTURE 6: UNIVERSAL MORPHOLOGICAL RULES.
6.1. Alexander's Fifteen Fundamental Properties. 115
6.2. Three laws of architecture. 125
LECTURE 7 : ALGORITHMS, FORM LANGUAGE, AND MEMORY.
7.1. Biologically-inspired computation. 131
7.2. Genetic algorithms. 136
7.3. Computation versus memory retrieval. 138
7.4. Evolutionary regression. 143
LECTURE 8 : INHUMAN ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION.
8.1. Emergent systems. 149
8.2. Examples from Artificial Life. 150
8.3. Inhuman.experiments. 155
8.4. Architectural education. 163
LECTURE 9 : SYMMETRIES AND THE VALUE OF ORNAMENT.
9.1. Symmetry production. 169
9.2. Symmetry breaking. 173
9.3. Classical moldings. 176
9.4. Elementary particle symmetries. 179
9.5. Binding energy. 182

LECTURE 10 : CODES THAT GENERATE LIVING URBAN STRUCTURE.
10.1. Generative codes and their application
to building and urban morphology. 189
10.2. Secularization destroys public space. 189
10.3. Spiritual architects. 200
10.4. Legalizing codes. 203
LECTURE 11: NEW URBANISM AND TALL BUILDINGS.
11.1. Duany-Plater-Zyberk (DPZ) codes. 207
11.2. The New Urbanism. 209
11.3. Stephen Mouzon's project. 211
11.4. Tall buildings. 217
LECTURE 12 : CHILDREN, SOCIAL HOUSING, AND COMPUTING THE CITY.
12.1. Generative codes and urban computations. 223
12.2. Urban plazas. 227
12.3. Designing for children. 230
12.4. Favelas and social housing. 234
CONCLUSION 244
CREDITS 247
INDEX 249