Preface ix
Acknowledgements to the English Translation xvi
Editors' Note to the Revised Translation xvii
VOLUME I: CHANGES IN THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE SECULAR UPPER CLASSES IN THE WEST
PART ONE ON THE SOCIOGENESIS OF THE CONCEPTS OF "CIVILIZATION" AND "CULTURE" 3
1. Sociogenesis of the Antithesis between Kultur and Civilisation in German Usage
I. Introduction 5
II. The Development of the Antithesis between Kultur and Zivilisation 9
III Examples of Courtly Attitudes in Germany 1 1
IV The Middle Class and the Court Nobility in Germany 15
V Literary Examples of the Relationship of the German
Middle-Class Intelligentsia to the Court 20
VI The Recession of the Social Element and the Advance of the
National Element in the Antithesis between Kultur and
Zivilhation 26
vi The Civilizing Process
2 Sociogenesis of the Concept of Civilisation in France 31
I Introduction 31
II Sociogenesis of Physiocratism and the French Reform Movement 35
PART TWO CIVILIZATION AS A SPECIFIC TRANSFORMATION
OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 45
I The History of the Concept of Civilite 47
II On Medieval Manners 52
III The Problem of the Change in Behaviour during the Renaissance 60
IV On Behaviour at Table 72
Examples 72
(a) Representing upper-class behaviour in fairly pure form 72
(b) From books addressed to wider bourgeois strata 80
Comments on the Quotations on Table Manners 85
Group 1: An Overview of the Societies to which the Texts
were Addressed 85
Excursus on the Rise and Decline of the Concepts
of Courtoisie and Civilite ' 87
A Review of the Curve Marking the "Civilizing" of Eating Habits 89
Excursus on the Modelling of Speech at Court 92
Reasons Given by People for Distinguishing
between "Good" and "Bad" Behaviour 97
Group 2: On the Eating of Meat 99
Use of the Knife at Table 103
On the Use of the Fork at Table 107
V Changes in Attitudes towards the Natural Functions 109
Examples 109
Some Remarks on the Examples and on these Changes in
General - 114
VI On Blowing One's Nose 121
Examples 121
Comments on the Quotations on Nose-Blowing 1 126
VII On Spitting T ' 129
Examples I, 129
Comments on the Quotations on Spitting 132
VIII On Behaviour in the Bedroom 136
Examples 136
Comments on the Examples . 138
IX Changes in Attitudes towards the Relations >b*t*een Men and
Women 142
X On Changes in Aggressiveness 161
XI Scenes from the Life of a Knight 172
VOLUME II: STATE FORMATION AND CIVILIZATION 183
PART THREE FEUDALIZATION AND STATE FORMATION 185
Introduction 187
I Survey of Courtly Society 187
II A Prospective Glance at the Sociogenesis of Absolutism 191
1 Dynamics of Feudalization 195
I Introduction 195
II Centralizing and Decentralizing Forces in the Medieval
Power Figuration 197
III The Increase in Population after the Great Migration 208
IV Some Observations on the Sociogenesis of the Crusades 214
V The Internal Expansion of Society: The Formation of New
Social Organs and Instruments 220
VI Some New Elements in the Structure of Medieval Society
as Compared with Antiquity 225
VII On the Sociogenesis of Feudalism 230
VIII On the Sociogenesis of Minnesang and Courtly Forms of
Conduct 236
2 On the Sociogenesis of the State 257
I The First Stage of the Rising Monarchy: Competition and
Monopolization within a Territorial Framework 257
Excursus on Some Differences in the Paths of Development
of England, France and Germany 261
On the Monopoly Mechanism 268
Early Struggles within the Framework of the Kingdom 277
The Resurgence of Centrifugal Tendencies: The Figuration
of the Competing Princes 289
The Last Stages of the Free Competitive Struggle and
Establishment of the Final Monopoly of the Victor 303
VII The Power Balance within the Unit of Rule: Its Significance for the Central Authority—the Formation of the "Royal Mechanism" 312
VIII On the Sociogenesis of the Monopoly of Taxation 344
PART FOUR
SYNOPSIS: TOWARDS A THEORY OF f X I CIVILIZING PROCESSES 363
I Social Constraint towards Self-Constraint 365
II Spread of the Pressure for Foresight and Self-Constraint 379
III Diminishing Contrasts, Increasing Varieties 382
IV The Courtization of the Warriors ' 387
V The Muting of Drives: Psychologization and Rationalization 397
VI Shame and Repugnance 414
VII Increasing Constraints on the Upper Class: Increasing Pressure
from Below 421
VIII Conclusion 436
POSTSCRIPT (1968) 449
APPENDICES 485
I Foreign Language Originals of the Exemplary Extracts and Verses 487
II Plates from Das Mittelalterliche Hausbuch ' 511
NOTES 517
INDEX 555