International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Acknowledgements2 Introduction 9 Focus on discrimination Chapter 1Disasters do not discriminate: people do 10 Box 1.1 Nowhere to go but out; gender and sexuality-based persecution on a small island 14 Box 1.2 Media matters 16 Box 1.3 The principle of non-discrimination: a cornerstone of the International Disaster Response Laws, Rules and Principles programme and the IDRL guidelines 20 Box 1.4 Ethiopia's pastoralists at a turning-point 22 Box 1.5Pakistan: discrimination in disasters 29 Chapter 2Overcoming multiple disasters: discriminating against minorities 36 Box 2.1 Minority peoples and minority rights 38 Box 2.2 Romania's Roma: bringing them in from the cold 40 Box 2.3 Guest workers in the Lebanese crisis 48 Box 2.4Japan: Buraku discrimination and resilience during the 1995 Kobe earthquake 51 Box 2.5Paradise lost: migrant workers in che Maldives 54 Chapter 3 Older people and discrimination in crises 62 Box 3.1 Defining older people 63 Figure 3.1 Caseload of older people set to triple by 2050 64 Figure 3.2 Kqual proportion of children and over-60s by 2050 65 Box 3.2 Six misconceptions about older people in emergencies 66 Box 3.3 Humanitarian policy for older people 70 Box 3.4 Elderly Georgians cope with extended emergency 76 Box 3-5 Contributions across generations 79 Box 3.6 Older people take initiative in South Asian disasters 82 Chapter 4 Disability and disasters: towards an inclusive approach 86 Box 4.1 Articles 32 and 11 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 90 Box 4.2 Bangladesh: discrimination during floods 92 Box 4.3 War-wounded youth in Liberia and Sierra Leone miss out 96 Box 4.4 Skills of blind people can prove life-saving 102 Box 4.5 Rays of hope in Bam 106 Chapter 5The urgency of equality: ending discrimination against women and its consequences in emergency situations 112 Figure 5.1 The six elements of the term 'discrimination against women', as defined by the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women 116 Box 5.1 HIV or silent disaster: the response of the International Federation in Cameroon 119 Box 5.2 Violence against women soars in post-Katvina trailer parks 123 Box 5.3 The role of power 126 Box 5.4 In the margins 129 Chapter 6Dealing with discrimination in disaster recovery 142 Box 6.1 Community-based targeting 144 Box 6.2 Better Programming Initiative: an International Federation tool to reduce discrimination in aid programmes. The Honduran Red Cross example 150 Box 6.3 Community surveys 155 Box 6.4 Avoiding discrimination: lessons from the Health and Peacebuilding Filter 156 Box 6.5 Local organizations managing recovery 160 Box 6.6 Challenging discrimination: measuring the impact of what we do in emergencies 162 Annex 169 Disaster data 171 Box I New methodology for droughts and famines 175 Figure 1 ODA net disbursements by DAC member countries (USmillion, 2005 prices): 1996-2005 180 Figure 2 ODA net disbursements by DAC member countries in 2005 (USmillion, 2005 prices) 181 Figure 3ODA: evolution of DAC member countries' contributions ( usmillion, 2005 prices) 182 Figure 4 ODA as percentage of DAC member countries' GNl, 2005 183 Figure 5 Emergency/distress relief from DAC member countries in 2005 (usmillion, 2005 prices) 184 Table 13 Total number of people reported killed and affected by disasters by country (1987 to 1996; 1997 to 2006; and 2006)197 Table 14 Refugees and. asylum seekers by country/territory of origin (2000 to 2006) 204 Table 15Refugees and asylum seekers by host country/territory (2000 to 2006) 208 Table 16Significant populations of internally displaced people (2000 to 2006) 212 Index 214 Fundamental Principles inside back cover