International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Acknowledgements2 Introduction 8 Section One Focus on community resilience Chapter 1 From risk to resilience - helping communities cope with crisis 10 Box 1.1 Definitions of resilience 12 Box 1.2 Part 1: Afghan farmers recover more quickly than expected 14 Box 1.2 Part 2: Afghan children dispel myths of war trauma 15 Box 1.3 Cujarat's poor invest to recover 21 Box 1A Tuti islanders light floods together 24 Box 1.5 Argentine floods: state aid saps resilience 28 Chapter 2 Heatwaves:36 the developed world's hidden disaster Box 2.1 Heatwaves: tacts at a glance 38 Box 2.2 Who is most at risk? 45 Box 2.3 Cold waves in the UK: the other extreme 47 Box 2.4 Heatwave exposes public health failures48 Box 2.5 Prevention tips in a heatwave 51 Chapter 3 Harnessing local capacities in rural India 56 Box 3.1 Scaling up disaster resilience beyond the community 64 Box 3.2 Mobile Biodiversity Festival 68 Map India 58 Chapter 4 Bam sends warning to reduce future earthquake risks 78 Box 4.1 Iranian sniffer dogs save more lives 86 Box 4.2 Hope amid the dust and destruction 88 Box 4.3 Iranian Red Crescent helps prepare public for disasters 93 Box 4.4 Tehran time bomb 95 Box 4.5 Sticks and carrots; developmental solutions ro disaster 97 Figure 4.1 Iran: shaken by a century of quakes 82 Map Iran 81 Chapter 5Building community resilience to disaster in the Philippines 100 Box 5.1 Six steps towards increasing community resilience 105 Box 5.2 Motivating local people to participate 109 Box 5.3 Integrating disaster resilience and development 116 Box 5.4 The Philippines 100 Chapter 6AIDS: Communities pulling out of downward spiral 120 Box 6.1 Orphans suffer neglect and abuse-124 Box 6.2 Selling: cows, selling sex 127 Box 6.3 Alarm bells ring in China 130 Box 6.4 Ruth Musiego - a positive life 135 Box 6.5 How can Swaziland cope with HiV/AIDS?139 Chapter 7 Surviving in the slums142 Box 7.1 Rational long-term resilience in Mimibai 149 Box 7.2 Building resilience around a shared livelihood 153 Box 7.3Slum communities and municipality collaborate in Santo Domingo155 Section Two Tracking the system Chapter 8Disaster data: key trends and statistics 160 Box 8.1 EM-DAT: a specialized disaster database 169 Box 8.2 US Committee for Refugees 170 Figure 8.1 Number of reported 'natural' and technological disasters (1994-2003) 161 Figure 8.2 Deadliest disasters of the decade (1994-2003) 162 Figure 8.3 Average number ol deaths per reported disaster (1994-2003) 164 Figure 8.4 Average economic damage per reported disaster (1994-2003) 164 Figure 8.5 ODA net disbursement in (US million) 1993-2002 165 Figure 8.6 ODA net disbursement in (US million) 2002 166 Figure 8.7 ODA - The five biggest DAC donors' 166 Figure 8.8 ODA as percentage of DAC donors' GNI in 2002 167 Figure 8.9 Emergency/distress relief by DAC donors' in 2002 168 Table 1 Total number of reported disasters by continent and by year (1994 to 2003) 173 Table 2 Total number of people reported killed, by continent and by year (1994 to 2003) 174 Table 3 Total number of people reported affected by continent and by year (1994 to 2003) in thousands 175 Table 4 Total amount of disaster estimated damage, by continent and by year (1994 to 2003) in millions of US dollars 176 Table 5 Total number of reported disasters, by type of phenomenon and by year (1994 to 2003) 177 Table 6 Total number of people reported killed, by type of phenomenon and by year (1994 to 2003) 178 Table 7 Total number of people reported affected, by type of phenomenon and by year (1994 to 2003) in thousands 179 Table 8 Total amount of disaster estimated damage, by continent and by year (1994 to 2003) in millions of US dollars 180 Table 9 Total number ot reported disasters, by continent and by type of phenomenon (1994 to 2003) 181 Table 10 Total number ot people reported killed, by continent and by type of phenomenon (1994 to 2003) 182 Table 11'total number oi people reported affected, by continent and by type of phenomenon (1994 to 2003) in thousands 183 Table 12total amount ot disaster estimated damage, by continent and by type of phenomenon (1994 to 2003) in millions ot US dollars 184 Table 13 Total number of people reported killed and affected by disasters, by country (1984 to 1993; 1994 to 2003; and 2003) 185 Table 14Refugees and asylum seekers by country/territory of origin (1997 to 2003) 193 Table 15 Refugees and asylum seekers by host country/territory (1997 to 2003) 196 Table 16 Significant populations of internally displaced people (1997 to 2003) 200 Chapter 9Reaching out across the world 202 220 Annex International Conference prioritises risk reduction inside hack caver 220 Index 226 Fundamental Principles