CONTENTS List of figures vii List of tables xi List of contributors xiii 1 Introduction by ALI MADANIPOUR 1 PARTI The changing nature of public space in city centres by ALI MADANIPOUR 17 2 Less public than before? Public space improvement in Newcastle city centre by MUGE AKKAR ERCAN 21 3 Youth participation and revanchist regimes : redeveloping Old Eldon Square, Newcastle upon Tyne by PETER ROGERS 51 4 Can public space improvement revive the city centre? The case of Taichung, Taiwan by HONG-CHE CHEN 69 5 Change in the public spaces of traditional cities: Zaria, Nigeria by SHAIBU BALA GARBA 87 PART II Public space and everyday life in urban neighbourhoods by ALI MADANIPOUR 107 6Marginal public spaces in European cities by ALI MADANIPOUR 111 7 Gating the streets: the changing shape of public spaces in South Africa by KARINA LANDMAN 131 8 Public spaces within modern residential areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by KHALID NASRALDEN MANDELI 148 9 The design and development of public open spaces in an Iranian new town by BAHADOR ZAMANI 172 10 Making public space in low-income neighbourhoods in Mexico by MAURICIO HERNANDEZ BONILLA 191 11 Co-production of public space in Nord-Pas-de-Calais : redefinition of social meaning by PAOLA MICHIALINO 212 12 Whose public space? by AI.I MADANIPOUR 237 References 243 Index263