Preface .. v Acknowledgments . vii Authors viii Foreword .. ix Abbreviations .. x Conversions for Units of Measurements .. xi Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction .. 5 1.1 The Link between Energy and Water: Watergy Efficiency 7 1.2 The Case for Watergy Efficiency 7 2. Water Management Models 11 2.1 The Ad Hoc Approach . 11 2.2 Single Manager Approach12 2.3 The Watergy Efficiency Team Approach 13 3. Grafting a Watergy Efficiency Team Infrastructure 17 3.1 The Goal of a Watergy Efficiency Team 17 3.2 The Formation of a Watergy Efficiency Team . 17 3.3 Tools and Resources of a Watergy Management Team 19 4. Building Institutional Capacity 23 4.1 Watergy Metering and Monitoring System .. 23 4.2 Baselines and Metrics 25 4.3 Facility Assessment 25 4.4 Data Analysis .. 26 5. Supply-Side Improvement Opportunities .. 29 5.1 introduction to Supply-Side Activities29 5.2 Maintenance and Operational Practices 29 5.3 System Redesign .. 34 5.4 Municipal Wastewater Treatment-Specific Processes .. 37 5.5 Project Implementation .. 41 6. Demand-Side Improvement Opportunities .. 47 6.1 Introduction .. 47 6.2 Demand-Side Technologies: Residential and Commercial49 6.3 Programs .. 53 6.4 industrial . 54 6.5 Policy Options .. 55 7. Conclusion . 59 Case Studies 61 Watergy Efficiency 61 Demand-Side Management 61 Supply-Side Management .. 61 Case Study Compendium 61 I. Austin, United States: Watergy Efficiency 62 II. Stockholm, Sweden: Watergy Efficiency .. 65 III.Sydney, Australia: Watergy Efficiency67 IV. Toronto, Canada: Watergy Efficiency70 V.Medellfn, Colombia: Demand-Side Management .. 73 VI. Johannesburg, South Africa: Demand-Side Management 76 VII. San Diego, United States: Demand-Side Management 78 VIII.Singapore: Demand-Side Management 80 IX. Accra, Ghana: Supply-Side Management83 X.Ahmedabad, India: Supply-Side Management 85 XI.Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: Supply-Side Management 87 XII. Columbus, United States: Supply-Side Management 89 XIII. Fairfield, United States: Supply-Side Management 91 XIV.Fortaleza, Brazil: Supply-Side Management 93 XV.Indore, India: Supply-Side Management. 96 XVI.Lviv, Ukraine: Supply-Side Management .. 98 XVII.Pune, India: Supply-Side Management. .. 100 Appendix A: Water Resource Management103 Appendix B: Resources for Audits and Benchmarks ..105 Appendix C: Data Analysis: Key Players and Resources. ..107 Appendix D: Additional Resources for Equipment Upgrades 111 Appendix E: DSM/Policy Options and Other Resources .. 115 Appendix F: Sample Watergy Fact Sheets 117 Glossary 125 References. .. 131 Index of Major Terms .. 135 Endnotes137 List of Tables and Figures Figure 1: Description of Watergy . 5 Table 1: Watergy Efficiency Management Structures. . 11 Table 2: Expected Benefits from Watergy Efficiency Management Approach Based on CEMP Experience .. 14 Table 3: Human Resources Required for Watergy Efficiency Team . 18 Table 4: Watergy Efficiency Performance Measurements..24 Table 5: Typical Metrics for Tracking Watergy Efficiency. 25 Figure 2: Water Accounting System . 31 Table 6: Water-Saving Devices for Existing Houses 52 Table 7; Water-Saving Devices for New Construction .. 52 Table 8: Most Common Efficiency Measures by Business and Industry . 55 Table 9: Air Pollution Produced per 1,000 Gallons (3,785 Liters) Treated in Austin, Texas 62 Figure 3: Empresas Publicas de Medellin Average Residential Consumption Levels. 74