CONTENTS Preface 7 Chapter One A new approach to the Venetian city garden 10 DIFFERING PERCEPTIONS 12 IMAGINING AND INHABITING THE CITY 16 ON WRITING THE HISTORY OF THE VENETIAN CITY GARDEN 18 Chapter Two Grounds for being: garden-making and the lagoon ecology20 LAND FROM THE SEA 22 A REPERTOIRE OF GARDEN-LIKE SPACES 25 Chapter Three Venetian gardens in the year 1500 33 GARDENS IN JACOPO DE' BARBARI'S BIRD'S-EYE VIEW 39 GARDEN LAYOUT AND DESIGN ELEMENTS: DESCRIPTIONS BY 16TH-CENTURY PAINTERS AND WRITERS47 A TYPOLOGY OF THE VENETIAN GARDEN64 Chapter Four Gazetteer: case histories of selected sites 66 CANNAREGIO 68 CASTELLO78 SANTA CROCE 79 DORSODURO 82 SAN MARCO89 SAN POLO90 GIUDECCA 92 MURANO 96 Chapter Five Giardini minor 98 BOTANICAL AND PHARMACEUTICALGARDENS 105 MONASTIC GARDENS110 Chapter Six Garden, theatre, and city 116 SPECTACLES AND AD WOCGARDENS 121 THE CASINO IN THE GARDEN 1 26 LAYOUT OF GARDEN SPACES 129 Chapter Seven The invention of public gardens for 136 the modern city NAPOLEON'S GARDEN INTERVENTIONS 138 A LABORATORY FOR THE MODERN CITY 146 THE ROYAL GARDENS AND THE BOTANICAL 153 GARDEN AT SAN GIOBBE Chapter Eight Old ruined gardens and new 158 modern gardens RUIN AND REALITY 159 THE ADVENT OF PICTURESQUE DESIGNS 164 A REPERTOIRE FOR FUTURE GARDENS 173 Chapter Nine Possible gardens: grounds for change 175 Notes 199 Bibliography 213 On the author 220 Acknowledgements 221 Illustration credits 222 Index of selected sites 223