CONTENTS Foreword Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 1-8 1The Concept of Urbanisation 2 The diagnostic traits of urbanisation 3 Survey of published literature 4 The Geographical Background Physical Division The Drainage System Soils 2 Pre-Urban Settlements of the Middle Ganga Plain 9-67 1 Sohagaura 2 Narhan 3 Dhuriapar 4 Imlidih Khurd 5 Bhunadih 6 Waina 7 Khairadih 8 Sarai Mohana 9 Aktha 10 Anai 11 Raja-Nal-KaTila 12 Malhar 13 Lahuradeva 14 Idkwa 15 Manjhi 16 Maner 17 Chirand 18 Senuwar 3 Urban Settlements of the Middle Ganga Plain 68-90 1 Kausambi 2 Sravasti 3 Ganwaria - Piprahwa/Tilaurakot 4 Rajghat 5 Vaisali 6 Pataliputra 7 Champa 8 Rajgir 9 Sonepur 4 The Newly discovered Urban Settlements of the Middle Ganga Plain 91-105 1 Agiabir 2 Jhusi 3 Nindaur CHAPTER FIVE: The Role of Iron Technology 106-117 Bibliography 118-127