Contents Us! of figures ix List of tables xv Preface to 2nd edition xix reface to 1st edition xxi 'Disclaimer xxiii \cknowledgements xxv 1Introduction 1 Overview 1 What is adaptation? 1 Building changeability 9 Reasons for adapting buildings 13 Performance management 17 Market conditions affecting adaptation 22 Building obsolescence and redundancy 25 Vacant buildings 32 Options for property owners 36 The decision to adapt a building 39 Phasing of adaptation 42 Summary - 46 2Feasibility 48 Overview 48 Background 48 Constructional characteristics of buildings 58 Other adaptation issues 61 Assessing the building 65 Problems with adapting buildings 70 Deleterious materials 72 Preliminary considerations 76 The adaptation process 83 Design guidelines for adapting buildings 84 Pre-adaptation building audits 88 Summary 94 3.Principles of converting buildings 96 Overview 96 Background 96 The building conversion process 102 Converting historic buildings 106 Code compliance 128 Inflexible buildings 136 Summary 141 4.Adaptive reuses 146 Overview 146 Background 146 Adaptive reuse options 149 Adaptive reuse of farm buildings 154 Adaptive reuse of church buildings 161 Adaptive reuse of industrial buildings 167 Adaptive reuse of office buildings 171 Adaptive reuse of public buildings 172 Problems with the adaptive reuse of old buildings 173 Building regulations compliance 176 Fire safety in adaptations 186 Summary 196 5.Lateral extensions 197 Overview 197 Background 197 Forms of lateral extensions 200 Statutory requirements 208 Design and other influences on extensions210 Conservatories 219 Joining new work to old 223 Summary 247 6.Vertical extensions 251 Overview 251 Background 251 Loft extensions 252 Retrofit dormers 260 Retrofit rooflights 267 Roof extensions 271 Over-roofing 275 Combined vertical and lateral extensions286 Basement extensions 287 Constraints and problems 292 Summary 295 7.Structural alterations 296 Overview 296 Background 296 Contentsvii Structural and fabric repairs 300 Strengthening existing buildings 318 Alterations to floors 324 Alterations to walls 333 Alterations to roofs 337 Alterations to frames 338 Underpinning 340 Partial demolition 343 Statutory approvals for structural alterations 347 Summary 350 Principles of refurbishment 351 Overview 351 Background 351 British housing stock 359 Non-traditional housing 363 Indoor air quality 365 Condensation and other dampness control 375 General housing improvements 381 Non-residential refurbishment 387 Summary 406 Further aspects of refurbishment 408 Overview 408 External improvements 408 Upgrading floors 422 Upgrading walls 429 Upgrading roofs 439 Modular construction 448 Accessibility improvements 451 Summary 456 10Sustainable adaptation 458 Overview 458 Background 458 Energy efficiency 468 Energy audit 472 Thermal performance 478 General energy improvements 486 Energy efficient services 489 Water conservation 493 Solar energy in refurbishment 494 Passive cooling in refurbishment 498 Energy efficiency in non-residential buildings 498 Future energy efficiency requirements 506 Summary 507 Implementation Overview Adaptation assessment procedure Spatial considerations Graphical presentation of proposals Specifications for adaptation work The works Procuring adaptation work Risk in adaptation work Managing adaptation projects Post-adaptation evaluation Aftercare strategy Summary and conclusion Checklist for Key aspects of performance Table of suitable sizes of pre-cast (pc) concrete lintels for various spans and loadings (from Richard Lees Ltd catalogue, c. 1995) Typical notes and specification column in a drawing for a small extension scheme Building control checklist Typical specimen maintenance schedules Normalized performance index (NPI) calculation form House extensions Office scorer refurbishment/redevelopment evaluation form assessment of habitability