Contents: Foreword vii Acknowledgments ix Executive Summary x Abbreviations and Acronyms xvii Section I: Introduction and Objectives 1 1 Introduction 3 2 The Evolving Objectives and Outcomes of World Bank Shelter Assistance7 Section II: Policy Instruments 25 3 Land Market Issues: The Mystery of Capitalism Revisited 27 4 Housing Finance: The Genie Is Out of the Bottle 39 5 Housing Subsidies: The Political Economy of Reform in an Nth Best Situation 48 6 The World Bank's Direct Involvement in Low-Cost Housing 60 Section III: Summary 65 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 67 Appendix: The Data 87 Endnotes 91 Bibliography 101 Index 113 Boxes Box 1.1: Outcomes and Objectives 4 Box 1.2: The Changing Instruments and Policy Environment of World Bank Shelter Assistance 5 Box 2.1: Development Effectiveness and Urban Lending in Sub- Saharan Africa: A Thought Experiment 23 Box 3.1: Satellite Images, Maps, and GIS 27 Box 3.2: Street Addressing in Maputo, Mozambique30