Contents Publisher's Note Contents List of tables and figure Foreword Preface Appendix - lists of participants I The framework of approach 3 1 Crises in development 4 2 Third world advance since 1950 4 3 Earlier studies on technology 6 4 UNU/WIDER initiative 7 5 The process of technological transformation 8 6 Basic sources and structure 11 Notes 13 PART ONE - LOOKING BACK FOR LESSONS 17 II The long prelude 19 1 Dating technological transformation 20 2 Technological change since 4000 B.C. 21 3 Technological scene: 1850 to 1875 25 4 Indicators of social innovations Notes III Technological transformation in the North 1 Introduction 2 Pace, period, size and spread 3 Structural transformation 4 Motive forces 5 New national ethos Notes IV Technological distance between nations and 'catching-up' 1 Measuring technological distance 2 The distance between nations 3 The gap by sectors 4 Dynamics of 'catching-up' Notes PART TWO - SOUTH ON THE THRESHOLD OF ITS TRANSFORMATION V Economic and technological setting 1 The South in the 1950s 2 Structural characteristics 3 Stagnation in social technology 4 Colonial inheritance 5 Technological dependence on the North Notes VI South enters the world stage: 1950 to 1985 1 Pace and spread of transformation 2 Assessment of achievements 3 Uneven pace of transformation 4 Landmarks in South's achievements Notes VII Structural transformation in the South 1 Urban explosion 2 Structural transformation of output and employment 3 Direction of South's structural transformation Notes VIII Motive forces of the advance of the South 1 Search for sources of transformation 2 Social technology as a motive force 3 Measuring the contribution of social technology Notes IX Building the physical technology base 1 Growth of domestic capital goods industry 2 External collaboration in investment and technology Notes X Strengthening the social technology formation 1 Advance in health standards 2 Dawn of South's age of enlightenment 3 Human capital formation 4 Research and development (R & D) 5 Learning by doing Notes PART THREE - LOOKING TO THE FUTURE WITH HOPE XI Widening development distance within the South 1 General summary 2 Index of technological transformation (ITT) 3 Development gap widens 4 Crises in the vulnerable continents Notes XII East Asia's spectacular sprint: lessons to learn East Asia's High Rate Development (HRD) Flying geese pattern of HRD Swift narrowing of the development distance 4 The flowering of HRD 5 Perspectives for the future 6 Lessons to learn 7 Notes