ix About the Editors and Authors xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations Chapter 1 1 Sea and Policy Formulation Kulsum Ahmed and Ernesto Sanchez-Triana 2 Evoluation of SEA 3 Impact-Based SEA 5Applying SEA to Policies 6 Towards an Institution-Centred SEA Approach 8Notes 9 References Chapter 2 11 Policy-Level Strategic Environmental Assessment : Process Integration and Incentives of Policy Proponents Leonard Ortolano 12 Case Studies 21 Analysis of Case studies 25 Assessment of SEA Requirement for policy Proposals in Canada and the Netherlands 30 Conclusions 32 Notes 34 References Chapter 3 37 The Continuous Process of Policy Formation Martha S. Feldman and Anne M. Khademian 38 Policy formation as Design making 47 Policy formation as a continuous process 55 Conclusion 56 Notes 56 References Chapter 4 61 Towards Environmental Priority Setting in Development Richard D. Morgenstern 62 Background 65 Comparative Risk Analysis 78 Economic damage Assessment 86 Conclusion 88 Notes 89 References 91 Bibliography Chapter 5 95 Giving the most Vulnerable a voice Caroline Kende-Robb and Warren A. Van Wicklin III 97 Why the Vulnerable Should Be Involved in Policy Formulation 98 Definition of the Vulnerable and How they are affected 103 Creation of an Enabling Environment in Which the Vulnerable Can be Heard 104 Entry Points for Giving Vulnerable Groups Voice 106 Levels of Participation in Policy Process 107 Tools for giving the Vulnerable a Voice 114 Case Studies 121 Conclusions 122 Notes 122 References Cahpter 6 127 Building and Reinforcing Social Accontability for Improved Environmental Governance Harry Blair 128 Definition and Causal Linkages 131Causal Linkages 135