CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgements Introduction 5 1 A world of cities A world of light and dark 6 An urbanized world 10 Africa. 12 Arab States 13 Asia and the Pacific 14 Highly Industrialized 15 Latin America and the Caribbean 16 Economies in Transition 17 Globalization, cities and the urban poor 18 A tale of two cities 20 2 Urban shelter Chapeau 22 Housing 24 Security of tenure 26 Women's property rights 28 Land 30 Housing finance 32 Basic services 34 Transport 36 3 Urban society Chapeau 38 Social capital 40 Spatial segregation 42 Education 44 Health 46 Security 48 Gender equity and equality 50 4 Urban environment Chapeau 52 Consumption 54 Reducing the city's footprint 56 Pollution 58 W^iste 60 Food 62 Heritage conservation 64 Disasters 66 5 Urban economy Chapeau 68 Economic base 70 Livelihood 72 Urban-rural linkages 74 6 Urban governance Chapeau The role of government 78 Planning 80 Finance 82 Information 84 Leadership 86 Women in local leadership88 Corruption 90 7 Key messages92 Maps 100 Epilogue - on evidence Urban indicators 114 The city development index 116 Best practices 120 Glossary 122 Endnotes 126