CONTENTS Introduction What Is This Manual for? What Is Smart Growth? The Region 1 Regional Principles 1.1 Inevitable Growth 1.2 A Regional Plan 1.3 Community Involvement 1.4 The Transect 1.5 The Neighborhood 1.6 Growth Priorities 1.7 Affordable Housing 1.8 Distribution of LULUs 1.9 Food Security 1.10 Shared Wealth 1.11 Scale of Governance 1.12 Coordinating Policy 1.13 Legalizing Smart Growth 1.14 The Limits of Water 1.15 The Shrinking City 2 The Regional Plan 2.1 Map the Greenprint 2.2 Map the Rural Preserve 2.3 Map the Rural Reserve 2.4 Map Development Priorities 2.5 Map the Neighborhoods 2.6 Map the Districts 2.7 Map the Corridors and Regional Centers 2.8 Create a TDR Program 2.9 Incentivize Smart Growth 2.10 Adopt a Smart Growth Code 3Regional Transportation 3.1 Transportation/Land-Use Connection 3.2 Multimodal Balance 3.3 Building a Transit Region 3.4 Transportation Choice 3.5 Transit That Works 3.6 The Railway System 3.7 Mobility and Accessibility 3.8 The Townless Highway 3.9 The Highwayless Town 3.10 Induced Traffic 3.11 Taming the Automobile 3.12 Bicycle Network 3.13 Congestion Pricing 3.14 Shared Vehicles The Neighborhood 4 Natural Context 4.1 Preserving Nature 4.2 Celebrating Nature 4.3 Preserving Trees 4.4 Celebrating High Points 4.5 Reducing Cut and Fill 4.6 Maintaining the Soil 4.7 Managing Stormwater 4.8 Preserving Wetlands 4.9 Conserving Water 4.10 Urban Parks 4.11 Natural Corridors 5 Neighborhood Components 5.1 Mixed Use 5.2 The 24-Hour City 5.3 Housing Diversity 5.4 Retail Distribution 5.5 Workplace Distribution 5.6 Civic Sites 5.7 Neighborhood Schools 5.8 Support Services 5.9 Local Open Space 5.10 Housing Density 5.11 Nearby Farms 5.12 Clustering Houses 5.13 Open Communities Neighborhood Structure 6.1 Neighborhood Size 6.2 Neighborhood Organization 6.3 Pocket Parks 6.4 Open-Space Types 6.5 Form-B.ased Zoning 6.6 Transit Orientation 6.7 Edible Gardens 6.8 The LEED-ND Rating System The Street 7 Thoroughfare Network 7.1 The Network 7.2 Connected Thoroughfares 7.3 Connections Beyond 7.4 Block Size 7.5 Sidewalk Substitutes 7.6 Designed Vistas 7.7 Curvilinear Streets 7.8 Urban Triage 8 Thoroughfare Design 8.1 Complete Streets 8.2 Design Speed 8.3 Complex Geometries 8.4 Curb Radii 8.5 On-Street Parking 8.6 One-Way and Multilane Streets 8.7 Context-Responsive Thoroughfares 8.8 Avenues and Boulevards 8.9 Free-Flow Streets and Roads 8.10 Slow-Flow Streets and Roads 8.11 Yield-Flow Streets and Roads 8.12 Rear Alleys and Lanes 8.13 Passages and Paths 9 Public Streetscape 9.1 Sidewalks 9.2 Street Trees 9.3 Curbs and Swales 9.4 Streetlights 9.5 Pavement Materials 9.6 Sidewalk Obstructions 9.7 Utility Placement 10 Private Streetscape 10.1 Street Walls 10.2 Short Setbacks 10.3 Building Attachments 10.4 Building Heights 10.5 Skyscrapers 10.6 Eyes on the Street 10.7 Shops on the Sidewalk 10.8 Retail Management 11 Parking 11.1 Downtown Parking Policy 11.2 The High Cost of Free Parking 11.3 The Parking Shed 11.4 Neighborhood Parking 11.5 Hiding Parking Lots 11.6 Parking Lot Quality 11.7 Parking Conversion 11.8 Parking Lot Access 11.9 Rear-Access Parking 11.10 Front Garage Setback The Building 12 Building Types 12.1 Form-Based Codes 12.2 Mid-rises and Highrises 12.3 Commercial Lofts 12.4 Apartment Houses 12.5 Live/Work Buildings 12.6 Rowhouses 12.7 Cottages 12.8 Large Houses 12.9 Courtyard and Sideyard Houses 12.10 Ancillary Dwellings 13 Green Construction 13.1 atural Light and Ventilation 13.2 Solar Orientation 13.3 Heat and Light 13.4 Energy-Efficient Design 13.5 Sustainable Building Materials 13.6 Buildings That Learn 13.7 On-Site Energy Generation 13.8 Healthy Buildings 13.9 Yard Trees 13.10 Xeriscape 13.11 Waste Management 13.12 Green Building Standards 14 Architectural Design 14.1 Regional Design 14.2 Consistency of Appearance 14.3 Noxious Elements 14.4 Residential Privacy 14.5 Universal Design 14.6 Historic Buildings 14.7 Historic Schools 14.8 Subsidized Housing 14.9 Civic Buildings Appendix Useful Statements Smart Growth Directory Acknowledgments Image Credits Index