Preface vii 1.Introduction 1 Rise of NGOs; Role of NGOs; Financing ; Implications of NGOs. 2.Forms of NGOs 17 Consultative Relationships; Consultancy Relationships; Public Information Programmes; Conference Participation; Transnational Corporations; Press and Media; Consultative Status NGO Conferences; Fundamentalist NGOs: Citizens Movements; Humanitarian NGOs; Field-level NGOs; Semi-autonomous Organizations; Staff Associations in Intergovernmental Institutions; Voluntary Associations; Cooperatives and Mutual Aid Societies; Philanthropic Foundations; Trade Associations and Cartels; Lobbies; Political Parties; Elitist, Secretive Clubs; Secret Societies; Religious Orders and Cults; International Crime Rings; Terrorist Groups and Liberation Movements; Legally Established International NGOs; Informal Organisations; Electronic Organisations; Transnational Social Movements; International Communities; Hybrid Organisations; Self-defined Organisations; NGO- Business Collaborations; NGOs and Changing World. 3. NGOs in Civil Society 58 Un-civil Society; Challenges; Metaphors of civil society; Approaches to Civil Society; Services of NGOs in Civil Society. 4.Role of NGOs in Social Systems 115 Transnational Organisations; Role of NGOs in Transnational World. 5.NGOs, Democracy and Global Governance 150 NGOs' Contributions to Democracy; Representativeness of NGOs; Civil Dialogue and NGOs; Role of NGOs in Global Governance; NGOs and Development; Monitoring of NGOs. 6.Role of NGOs in Education 193 Government Regulations; Education Policy and NGOs. 7.NGOs and United Nations238 NGOs Positive Contributions to UN; NGOs-UN Relations: Problems and Setbacks; NGOs Access at the UN. 8.Challenges of NGOs 285 Limits of Democracy; Issues of Dependency; Legitimacy of NGOs. Bibliography 300 Index303