CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 5 Overview, 5 Methodology, 5 Literature Review, 5 Survey, 5 Agency Profiles, 6 Organization of the Report, 6 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Introduction, 7 Public Transit Agencies with Ridesharing Programs, 7 TransitOperated Vanpool Programs, 7 Ridesharing Programs and Incentives, 8 Casual Carpooling, 8 Dynamic Ridesharing, 9 Economic Considerations of Ridesharing within Public Transit Agencies, 9 Conclusion, 10 CHAPTER THREE SURVEY RESULTS: RIDESHARING WITHIN 11 PUBLIC TRANSIT AGENCIES Ridesharing Services Offered by Transit Agencies, 11 Profile: King County Metro Transit in Seattle Integrates Ridesharing into Agency, 11 Profile: Kings County Area Public Transit Agency Vanpools Serve Farmworkers, 14 Profile: Pace Covers the Last Mile with Metra Feeders, 15 Ridesharing in the Planning Process, 15 Funding of Ridesharing, 16 Performance Measures of Ridesharing Success, 16 CostBenefit Comparison of Ridesharing and Transit Services, 17 Profile: Des Moines Area Regional Transit Agency (DART) Captures Vanpool Miles to Maximize Revenue, 17 Coordination with Regional Entities, 18 Challenges, 18 CHAPTER FOUR SURVEY RESULTS: RIDESHARING WITHIN 19 NONTRANSIT AGENCIES Motivating Factors, 19 Ridesharing Services Offered, 19 Profile: Metropolitan Transportation Commission Leverages Ridesharing and Transit in the San Francisco Bay Area, 19 Incentives, 20 Coordination and Integration with Transit Agencies, 22 Profile: Washington State Leads Nation in Vanpooling, 22 Performance Measures of Ridesharing Success, 23 Challenges, 23 CHAPTER FIVE SURVEY RESULTS: MARKETING AND TECHNOLOGY25 Marketing Strategies Integrating Ridesharing and Transit, 25 Profile: Vanpoolers Get Deals on Transit Rides at DART, Pace, and King County Metro, 25 Incorporating Customers' Perspectives, 25 Technology and Social Media, 27 Profile: SCAT and DART Communicate through Social Media, 28 Dynamic Ridesharing, 29 Profile: Dynamic Ridesharing Coming to Seattle, 29 CHAPTER SIx SURVEY RESULTS: PUBLIC TRANSIT AGENCIES 31 AND CASUAL CARPOOLING Profile: BART and Cities Manage Casual Carpooling, 31 Profile: PRTC Supports Casual Carpooling, 32 CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSIONS 33 Reasons for Public Transit and Ridesharing to Work Together, 33 Technology, 33 Challenges, 33 Opportunities, 34 Conclusion, 35 REFERENCES 36 APPENDIx A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE AND RESULTS 38 APPENDIX B PROFILES OF PARTICIPATING TRANSIT 57 AND NONTRANSIT AGENCIES APPENDIX C TRANSIT MODES OPERATED BY RESPONDENTS 60 61 APPENDIX D RIDESHARING PLACEMENT WITHIN AGENCIES