CONTENTS: List of illustrationsix Notes on contributors xi Acknowledgements xix Introduction1 1 Landscape and Truth7 Denis Cosgrove, Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape (1984)9 Ophelia Benson and Jeremy Stangroom, Why Truth Matters (2006)12 Simon Blackburn, Truth: A Guide for the Perplexed (2005)17 Mary Midgley, The Myths We Live By (2004)17 2 Pluralism and Trivalent Design19 Isaiah Berlin, The Crooked Timber of Humanity (1990)20 John Gray, Berlin (1995)21 3 Rationalism26 Rudolph Wittkower, Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism [1949] (1998) 27 Rudolph Wittkower, Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism [1949] (1998)29 Vitruvius, De Architectura (first century BC)31 Dan Kiley, Dan Kiley in His Own Words (1999)34 Thomas H. Mawson, The An & Craft of Garden Making (1901)35 Thomas H. Mawson, The Art & Craft of Garden Making (1901)36 4 Empiricism 37 William Hogarth, The Analysis of Beauty [1753] (1971) 38 William Hogarth, The Analysis of Beauty [1753] (1971)40 Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Sublime and the Beautiful (1757) 41 Christopher Hussey, The Picturesque: Studies in a Point of View (1927)45 5 The Picturesque49 Christopher Hussey, The Picturesque: Studies in a Point of View (1927) 52 Uvedale Price, Essays on the Picturesque, as Compared with the Sublime and the Beautiful; and, on the Use of Studying Pictures, for the Purpose of Improving the Landscape [1810] (1971) 54 Norman Nicholson, The Lakers: The Adventures of the First Tourists (1955) 57 6Biological Theories59 Jay Appleton, The Experience of Landscape (1975)60 Jay Appleton, The Experience of Landscape (1975) 62 E.G. Wilson, The Diversity of Life (2001) 65 Rachel Kaplan and Stephen Kaplan, The Experience of Nature (1995)66 7Use and Beauty73 Arnold Berleant, Living in the Landscape: Towards an Aesthetic of Environment (1997)73 Howard Marshall, The Rake's Progress' (1938)83 Brenda Colvin, Land and Landscape: Evolution, Design and Control [1947] (1970) 84 Alex Kerr, Dogs and Demons: The Fall of Modern Japan (2002) 88 8 The Functionalist Aesthetic91 William Hogarth, The Analysis of Beauty [1753] (1971)91 Christopher Tunnard, Gardens in the Modem Landscape (1948)93 David Pye, The Nature and Aesthetics of Design (1978)96 9Landscape as Art99 Geoffrey Jellicoe, 'Landscape of Allegory', Part II, 'The Kennedy Memorial' (1970) 100 Stephanie Ross, What Gardens Mean (1998)108 Arnold Berleant, Living in the Landscape: Toward an Aesthetics of Environment (1997)111 10Power Robert Rotenberg, Landscape and Power in Vienna (1995)113 Robert Rotenberg, Landscape and Power in Vienna (1995)115 Robert Rotenberg, Landscape and Power in Vienna (1995)117 Jan Woudstra, The Changing Nature of Ecology: A History of Eco-logical Planting' (2004)119 11 The Failure of Modernism121 David Pye The Nature and Aesthetics of Design (1978)121 Jusuck Koh, 'Ecological Design: A Post-Modern Design Paradigm of Holistic Philosophy and Evolutionary Ethic' (1982) 124 12 The Amelioration of the City132 J.C. Loudon, Hints on Breathing Places for the Metropolis,and for Country Towns and Villages, on Fixed Principles (1829)134 J.C. Loudon, Hints on Breathing Places for the Metropolis, and for Country Towns and Villages, on Fixed Principles (1829)135 M. Carmona, J. Freedman, S. Rose, and H. Woolley, The Value of Public Space (2004)137 Frederick Law Olmsted, Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns (1870) 140 Frederick Law Olmsted, Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns (1870) 141 Bernard Tschumi, Cinegramme Folie (1987)143 Bernard Tschumi, Cinegramme Folie (1987)144 13 Participation147 Sherry Arnstein, 'A Ladder of Citizen Participation' (1969)148 Patsy Healey, Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies (2006)154 Patsy Healey, Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies (2006)156 14 Ecology and Environmental Ethics158 lan Thompson, 'Environmental Ethics and the Development of Landscape Architectural Theory' (1998)159 15 Ecological Perspectives172 Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac, with Other Essays on Conservation [1949] (1966)172 Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac, with Other Essays on Conservation [1949] (1966)174 Arne Naess, Ecology, Community and Lifestyle (1989)176 Edward O. Wilson, The Diversity of Life (2001)180 Edward O. Wilson, The Diversity of Life (2001)181 Alan Ruff, Holland and the Ecological Landscapes (1979)182 Paul Selman, Planning at the Landscape Scale (2006)186 16 Sustainability190 John Tillman Lyle, 'Degenerative Patterns in Linear Flows' (1994)191 John Tillman Lyle, 'Regenerative Systems and Landscape' (1994)194 Joan Iverson Nassauer, 'Cultural Sustainability: Aligning Aesthetics and Ecology' (1997)196 Robert L. Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature and the Sustainable Landscape (1994)199 17 Phenomenology207 Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception [1945] (2002)208 Kevin Thwaites and lan Simkins, Experiential Landscape: An Approach to People, Place and Space (2007)210 Martin Heidegger, Building, Dwelling, Thinking (1951)213 18 The Genius Loci 216 Isis Brook, 'Can Spirit of Place Be a Guide to Ethical Building?' (2000) 216 Tom Turner, City as Landscape: A Post-Postmodern View of Design and Planning (1996)226 Afterword229 Notes230 References233 Index 241