Contents Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1-1. The Rushing City: Theodore Dwight, Educator, 1834 2 1-2. The Crushing City: A Nineteenth-Century Traffic Jam 2 1-3. The Thrilling City: Walt Whitman, Poet, 1888 3 1-4. The Evolving City: Thomas Bender, Historian, 2002 4 1-5. The Living City: Chiang Yee, Calligrapher, 1950 5 Selected General Resources6 Chapter 2 1609-1799 7 UNIT 2-1. Change and Challenge: Colonization 8 UNIT 2-2.Breaking Barriers: Practical Toleration15 UNIT 2-3.City Building: Peter Stuyvesant, Director General 22 UNIT 2-4. Law and Order: The Stamp Act Riots 32 Chapter 3 1800-1840 39 UNIT 3-1. Law and Order: The Anti-Abolitionist Riots 40 UNIT 3-2.Change and Challenge: The Murder of Helen Jewett 47 UNIT 3-3.Economics and the Public Interest: The journeyman Tailors' Strike 53 UNIT 3-4.City Building: John Jacob Astor, the Landlord of New York 59 Chapter 4 1840-1865 67 UNIT 4-1.City Building: Central Park 67 UNIT 4-2.Change and Challenge: Irish Immigrants73 UNIT 4-3.Law and Order: The Riots of 1849 and 1863 83 UNIT 4-4.Breaking Barriers: Elizabeth Jennings, Teacher 87 Chapter 5 1865-190098 UNIT 5-1.City Building: The Brooklyn Bridge, The Statue of Liberty and Consolidation 98 UNIT 5-2.Politics and the Public Interest: Bossism 105 UNIT 5-3. Change and Challenge: The Classes and the Masses110 UNIT 5-4. Economics and the Public Interest: jay Gould, Robber Baron 118 Chapter 6 1900-1920130 UNIT 6-1.City Building: The Subway and the Skyscraper131 UNIT 6-2.Change and Challenge: Coney Island 138 UNIT 6-2.Economics and the Public Interest: The Triangle Fire 144 UNIT 6-2.Breaking Barriers: Mary White Ovington, Reformer 150 Chapter 7 1920-1945 159 UNIT 7-1.Change and Challenge: The Roaring Twenties 160 UNIT 7-2.Economics and the Public Interest: The Great Depression 166 UNIT 7-3.City Building: Fiorello H. La Guardia, Mayor173 UNIT 7-4.Law and Order: The 1943 Harlem Riots 182 Chapter 8 1945-1970190 UNIT 8-1.Breaking Barriers 190 UNIT 8-2.Law and Order: The 1964 Harlem Riots 198 UNIT 8-3.Politics and the Public Interest: The Civilian Review Board 203 UNIT 8-4. City Building: Robert Moses, Public Servant 208 Chapter 9 1970-1993 221 UNIT 9-1.Economics and the Public Interest: The Fiscal Crisis 221 UNIT 9-2.City Building: Destroying and Saving the City228 UNIT 9-3.Politics and the Public Interest: The Ungovernable City 235 UNIT 9-4.Breaking Barriers: Herman Badillo, Public Servant 243 Chapter 101993-2008 255 UNIT 10-1.Breaking Barriers: The New Immigrants 255 UNIT 10.2. Law and Order: Rudolph W. Giuliani, Mayor 264 UNIT 10-3. City Building Post-9/11272 UNIT 10-4. Change and Challenge: The Restless City279 Notes 287 Credits298 Index 308