CONTENTS Foreword to the Second Edition ix Acknowledgments xi 1Introduction 1 2 City of the Whirlpool, 1609-1799 7 Practical Toleration 10 Slavery in the City 15 Revolution 19 Post-Revolutionary Conflicts 25 3 Gotham: The Paradoxical City, 1800-1840 31 Fanny Wright and Equality 37 The 1834 Election Riot and Political Change 42 The 1834 Anti-Abolitionist Riot and Social Change 45 The 1834 Stonecutters' Riot and Economic Change 49 4 The Proud and Passionate City, 1840-1865 55 The 1849 Astor Place Riots 57 Cultural Conflict in the 1840s and 1850s 62 Fernando Wood and the Free City 65 The 1863 Draft Riots 72 5 The Empire City : Questionong the Gilded Age, 1865-1899 79 The Political Question: Tammany's Empire 84 The Social Question: The Discovery of Poverty 89 The Economic Question: Labor Organizes 95 6 The City of Ambition: Progressivism on Trial, 1900-1919 105 The Bohemian Revolt 109 The Color Line 113 To Eat, To Work, To Vote 118 Red Emma 126 7 The Big Apple: Pursuing the Dream, 1920-1945 131 The New Negro 134 The Sidewalks of New York 139 The 1935 and 1943 Harlem Riots 146 8 World City: Redefining Gotham, 1945-1969 155 Robert Moses: Power, Planning, and Protest 160 The 1964 Harlem Riot 164 Liberalism and the White Backlash 170 9 Big Apple Redux: Leadership under Fire, 1970-1993 181 John Lindsay and Leadership 184 Abraham Beame and Leadership 188 Ed Koch and Leadership 192 David Dinkins and Leadership 198 10 A New New York City, 1994-2010 > 205 The Newcomers 206 Rudolph Giuliani: Revising Gotham 214 The World Trade Center Tragedy 226 Michael Bloomberg: Reconsidering Gotham 232 Whither New York City? 239 Suggestions for Further Inquiry 243 Notes 247 Index 313