CONTENTS PART 1 ESSENTIALS OF RESEARCH 1 1 An Introduction to Research Methodology 3 2 The Scientific Method 17 3 Types of Research Studies 25 4 Research Methods 33 5 Designing Research 57 6 Data Collection 69 7 Data Analysis 87 PART 2 ESSENTIALS OF WRITING 91 8 Planning the Thesis 93 9 Using the Library 101 10 Scientific Writing 115 11 Thesis or Assignment Writing 119 12 Preparing the Title 131 13 Writing Abstract and 133 14 Writing the Introduction 137 15 Writing Review of Literature 141 16 Writing the Materials and Methods 159 17 Presenting the Results 163 18 Writing the Discussions 181 19 Citing the References 187 20 Using the Footnotes 191 21 Listing of Authors and Addresses 195 22 Using Quotations 197 23 Using the Punctuations 201 24 Proofreading 207 25 Photography 211 26 Writing a Research Proposal 217 27 Writing a Research Report 223 28 Writing a Research Grant Proposal 233 Appendix 239 Glossary 251 Index 257