CONTENTS 1. PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Project plannin2 1.3. Scheduling 4 1.4. Controlling 5 1.5. Role of decision in project management 6 1.6. Techniques for analysing alternatives : Operation research 6 1.7. Methods of planning and programming 7 Problems 11 2. BAR CHARTS AND MILESTONE CHARTS 2.1. Introduction 12 2.2. Development of bar chart 14 2.3. Illustrative examples 14 2.4. Shortcomings of bar charts and remedial measures 19 2.5. Milestone charts 24 2.6. Development of PERT network25 Problems 27 3. ELEMENTS OF NETWORK 3.1. Introduction 29 3.2. Event32 3.3. Activity 37 3.4. Dummy 41 3.5. Network rules50 3.6. Graphical guidelines for network 52 3.7. Common partial situations in network53 3.8. Numbering the events 55 3.9. Cycles64 Problems65 4. DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORK 4.1. Introduction 69 4.2. Planning for network construction 69 4.3. Modes of network construction 70 4.4. Steps in development of network 71 4.5. Work breakdown structure79 4.6. Hierarchies82 4.7. Illustrative examples85 Problems90 5. PERT : TIME ESTIMATES 5.1. Introduction 91 5.2. Uncertainties : Use of PERT 92 5.3. Time estimates 93 5.4. Frequency distribution 95 5.5. Mean, variance and standard deviation 98 5.6. Probability distribution101 5.7. Beta distribution104 5.8. Expected time106 Problems 112 6. PERT : TIME COMPUTATIONS 6.1. Introduction 115 6.2. Earliest expected time115 6.3. Formulation for TE118 6.4. Latest allowable occurrence time122 6.5. Formulation for TL125 6.6. Combined tabular computations for TE and TL 129 Problems132 7. PERT: NETWORK ANALYSIS 7.1. Slack 134 7.2. Critical path137 7.3. Illustrative examples 138 7.4. Probability of meeting scheduled date 144 Problems 155 8. CPM: NETWORK ANALYSIS 8.1. Introduction 158 8.2. CPM .-process159 8.3. CPM: networks 161 8.4. Activity time estimate163 8.5. Earliest event time 164 8.6. Latest allowable occurrence time 169 8.7. Combined tabular computations for TK and TL 172 8.8. Start and finish times of activity 174 8.9. Float 176 8.10. Critical activities and critical path 185 8.11. Illustrative examples 188 Problems 194 9. CPM: COST MODEL 9.1.Introduction 196 9.2.Project cost197 9.3.Indirect project cost 198 9.4.Direct project cost199 9.5.Slope of direct cost curve201 9.6.Total project cost and optimum duration 203 9.7.Contracting the network for cost optimization 204 9.8.Steps in time cost optimization 207 9.9.Illustrative examples 208 Problems 219 10. CPM : UPDATING 10.1. Introduction 221 10.2. Updating: Process 221 10.3. Data required for updating 222 10.4. Steps in the process of updating 222 10.5. When to update224 10.6. Illustrative examples 225 Problems 228 11. RESOURCES ALLOCATION 11.1. Introduction 229 11.2. Resources usage profiles : histograms 229 11.3. Resources smoothing 233 11.4. Resources levelling 236 Problems 236 ANSWERS 237