CONTENTS List of tables ix List of figures xi Abbreviations xv Preface xvii 1 The concept of planning and control 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Planning process 2 1.3 Types of planning activities 6 1.4 Planning tools and techniques 7 1.5 Planning of construction projects 8 1.6 Planning tasks at different stages of the project lifecycle 15 1.7 Examples of construction plans and schedules 20 1.8 Summary 27 2 Bar charts 28 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 What is a bar chart? 28 2.3 Linked bar chart 30 2.4 Process of developing a bar chart 31 2.5 Activity duration 32 2.6 Risk contingency 32 2.7 Method statement 33 2.8 Summary 35 3 The critical path method 36 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 The critical path method 36 3.3 A brief history of the critical path method 37 3.4 The arrow method 37 3.5 The precedence method 39 3.6 The concept of link lag 49 3.7 Summary 55 Exercises 55 4 Resource management 59 4.1 Introduction 59 4-2 Resources 60 4-3 Distribution of resources 61 4.4 Resource levelling 63 4.5 Resource levelling performed by computers 71 4.6 Managing the loabour resource 71 4.7 Managing materials 74 4.8 Managing plant ana1 equipment 76 4.9 Summary 80 Exercises 80 5 Overlapping network models 86 5.1 Introduction 86 5.2 Finish-to-Start link (FTS) 87 5.3 Start-to-Start link(STS) 88 5.4 Finish-to-finish link(FTF) 89 5.5 Start-to-finish link (STF) 91 5.6 A compound link 92 5.7 Free and total float in overlapped networks 94 5.8 Calculating an overlapped critical path schedule 96 5.9 Overlapping of critical path schedules by computer 102 5.10 Redundant links in precedence schedules 102 5.11 Summary 103 Exercises 103 6 Project control 106 6.J Introduction 106 6.2 Project performance outcomes 106 6.3 Project control system 107 6.4 Monitoring performance 108 6.5 Evaluating performance 110 6.6 A schedule adjustments/updates 112 6.7 Cost-time optimisation 115 6.8 Earned value 130 6.9 Summary 134 Exercises 134 7 Critical path scheduling by computer 139 7.1 Introduction 139 7.2 Brief overview of Primavera Project Planner P6 software 140 7.3 Scheduling a residential project using Primavera P6 144 7.4 Overlapping models in Primavera P6 151 7.5 BIM software 154 7.6 Summary 157 8 Critical chain scheduling 159 8.1 Introduction 159 8.2 Shortcomings of the critical path method 159 8.3 Theory of constraints 161 8.4 Critical chain scheduling 162 8.5 Comparison of critical path method (CPM) and critical chain scheduling (CCS) 164 8.6 Summary 176 9 Multiple activity charts 177 9.1 Introduction 177 9.2 Format of a MAC 178 9.3 Preparation of a MAC 178 9.4 Example of MAC scheduling 180 9.5 Summary 188 Exercises 188 10 The line of balance technique 194 10.1 Introduction 194 10.2 Concept of LOB 195 10.3 Concept of delivery programme in LOB 197 10.4 Developing a LOB schedule 199 10.5 Developing a LOB schedule for projects requiring multiple crews 203 10.6 Summary 207 Exercises 208 11 Work study 210 11 .1 Introduction 210 11.2 Method study 211 11.3 Work measurement 221 11.4 Activity duration 224 11.5 Evaluating the economic viability of alternative methods of work 228 11.6 Summary 237 Exercises 237 12 Risk and scheduling 239 12.1 Introduction 239 !2.2 Risk and uncertainty 239 12.3 Principles of risk management 240 12.4 Risk management plan 252 12.5 Risk-time contingency calculation techniques 252 12.6 Probability scheduling 255 12.7 Summary 259 13 The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) 260 13.1 introduction 260 13.2 Network construction 261 13.3 The probability concept in PERT 262 13.4 The PERT method modelled on the precedence method of CPM 265 13.5 Summary 269 Exercises 269 References 272 Index 275