CONTENTS SUMMARY1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 3 Project Objectives and Background, 3 Research Methodology, 4 Organization of Report, 6 CHAPTER TWO PRE-WORK ACCIDENT PREVENTION 7 Introduction, 7 Target Audiences, 7 Rules Development, Communication, and Enforcement, 7 Training and Certi?cation, 9 Hazard Identi?cation and Evaluation, 12 Conclusion, 13 CHAPTER THREE WORK-SITE PROTECTION 15 Introduction, 15 Job Brie?ngs and Establishing Work Sites, 15 Communication Practices, 18 Track Worker Personal Protective Equipment, 20 Warning and Protective Devices and Technology, 22 Flagging Equipment, 28 Designated Levels of Protection and Flagging, 30 Safety Challenges, 44 Conclusion, 48 CHAPTER FOUR SAFETY AUDITS, INCIDENT REPORTING, ANALYSIS, 49 AND FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS Introduction, 49 State Safety Oversight Program, 49 Accident Investigations, 49 Near Misses, 50 Rules Violations, 50 Ongoing Data Evaluation and Continuous Improvement, 51 Conclusion, 51 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 52 FOR FURTHER RESEARCH GLOSSARY 54 REFERENCES57 BIBLIOGRAPHY56 APPENDIX A TRANSIT AGENCY SYSTEM MAPS 59 APPENDIX B AGENCY INTERVIEW GUIDE64 APPENDIX C LIST OF PERSONS INTERVIEWED 78