CONTENTS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 1 CHAPTER IX: AGRICULTURE 5 9.1 Introduction 5 9.2 Characteristics of Household Head 5 9.3 Number and Area of Agriculture Holding 6 9.4 Land Fragmentation and Farm Size 6 9.5 Land Tenure 7 9.6 Distribution of Agricultural Households 7 9.7 Major Crops 7 9.8 Improved Seeds 8 9.9 Chemical Fertilizers 8 9.10 Agriculture Equipments 8 9.11 Livestock and Poultry 9 CHAPTER X: CONSUMPTION 24 10.1 Introduction 24 10.2 Computation of Consumption Aggregates 24 10.2.1 Food Consumption 25 10.2.2 The Typical Month Criterion 26 10.2.3 The Past 7 Days Criterion 26 10.2.4 Items Excluded From Food Consumption Aggregates 26 10.2.5 Selected Non-Food Consumption 27 10.2.6 The Excluded Non-Food Expenditures 27 10.2.7 Expenditure on Frequent Non-food Items 27 10.2.8 Expenditure on Selected Infrequent Non-Food Items 29 10.2.9 Expenditure on Durable Goods 29 10.2.10 Expenditure on Utilities 29 10.2.11 Expenditure on Education 30 10.2.12 Consumption of Housing 30 10.3 Distribution of Nominal Per Capita Consumption 32 10.4 Distribution of Household Consumption by Expenditure Category 32 CHAPTER XI: INCOME 37 11.1 Introduction 37 11.2 Construction of Income Aggregate 37 11.2.1 Farm Income 37 11.2.2 Wage Income 39 11.2.3 Non-Farm Enterprises Income 40 11.2.4 Non-Agricultural Rental Income 40 11.2.5 Transfer Income 40 11.2.6 Value of Owner-Occupied Housing 40 11.2.7 Other Income 40 11.2.8 Total Income 41 11.2.9 Items Omitted From Income Aggregate 41 11.3 Levels, Sources and Distribution of Income 41 11.3.1 Income Levels 41 11.3.2 Income Sources 42 11.3.3 Distribution of Income 43 CHAPTER XII: EMPLOYMENT STATUS 50 12.1 Introduction 50 12.2 Activity and Unemployment Rates 50 12.3 Underemployment 51 12.4 Main Sector of Employment 51 12.5 Incidence of Child Labour 51 CHAPTER XIII: WAGE EMPLOYMENT 60 13.1 Introduction 60 13.2 Wage Employment by Main Sector 60 13.3 Non-Agriculture Wage Employment by Industry 61 13.4 Basis of Wage Payment 61 13.5 Daily Wage Rates 61 CHAPTER XIV: NON-FARM ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 69 14.1 Introduction 69 14.2 Distribution of Non-Farm Enterprises by Industry 69 14.3 Ownership, Registration and Hired Labour 70 14.4 Revenues and Expenditures 70 14.5 Duration of Operation 70 CHAPTER XV: REMITTANCES AND TRANSFER INCOME 78 15.1 Introduction 78 15.2 Remittances Received by Households 78 15.3 Number of Remittance by Source 79 15.4 Size of Remittance by Source 79 15.5 Means of Transferring Remittance 79 15.6 Remittance Share in Income 79 15.7 Use of Remittance Received 79 CHAPTER XVI: HOUSEHOLD LOANS 87 16.1 Introduction 87 16.2 Household with Loans 87 16.3 Source of Loan 87 16.4 Years of Borrowing 88 16.5 Purpose of Loan 88 16.6 Collateral for Loan 89 16.7 Average Amount of Loan 89 16.8 Household Decisions 89 CHAPTER XVII: ADEQUACY OF CONSUMPTION 98 17.1 Introduction 98 17.2 Food 98 17.3 Housing 98 17.4 Clothing 99 17.5 Health Care 99 17.6 Schooling 99 17.7 Income 100 17.8 Food Security 100 17.9 Steps Taken to Alleviate Food Shortage 100 CHAPTER XVIII: GOVERNMENT FACILITY 109 18.1 Introduction 109 18.2 Health 109 18.3 Education 109 18.4 Drinking Water 109 18.5 Electricity 110 18.6 Road 110 18.7 Post Office 110 18.8 Telephone 111 CHAPTERXIX: NUTRITION OF CHILDREN 119 19.1 Introduction 119 19.2 Nutrition Status of Children 119 19.2.1 Stunting Among Children 119 19.2.2 Underweight Children 120 19.2.3 Wasting Among Children 120 19.3 Breastfeeding Status 120 19.3.1 Exclusive Breastfeeding 121 19.3.2 Duration of Breastfeeding 121 19.3.3 Introduction of Complementary Foods 121 REFERENCES 126 ANNEX 127 Annex I: Survey Staff Annex II: Household Questionnaire Annex III: Dissemination of NLSS Data