CONTENTS Foreword by Francis Duffy XI Preface XIII List of contributors XV Acknowledgements XXI PART 1. Introduction and Overview 1 1. The evolution of building performance evaluation: an introduction 3 Wolfgang F.E. Preiser and Jacqueline C. Vischer Editorial comment 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Performance levels: a hierarchy of users' needs and priorities 5 1.3 Evolving evaluation process models: from POE to BPE 7 1.4 The conceptual basis for BPE 9 1.5 An example of the user feedback cycle in BPE: 10 Building-in-use assessment 1.6 Economic and sustainability issues 11 1.7 Conclusions 12 References 13 2. A conceptual framework for building performance evaluation 15 Wolfgang F.E. Preiser and Ulrich Schramm Editorial comment 15 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Description of the conceptual framework for BPE 16 2.3 The performance concept and the building process 20 2.4 Conclusions 26 References 26 PART 2. Performance Assessments in the Six-Phase 27 Building Delivery and Life Cycle 3. Phase 1: Strategic planning-effectiveness review 29 Ulrich Schramm 3.1 What is strategic planning? 29 3.2 Why strategic planning? 30 3.3Who is involved in strategic planning? 31 3.4Effectiveness review 32 3.5Case study example 33 References 38 4.Phase 2: Programming/briefing - programme review 39 Alexi Marmot, Joanna Eley, and Stephen Bradley Editorial comment 39 4.1Introduction 39 4.2How are briefs prepared? 41 4.3Common briefing problems 44 4.4Techniques for briefing 46 4.5Contextual issues for consideration 49 4.6Conclusions 51 References 51 5.Phase 3: Design - design review 52 Jacquellne C. Vischer Editorial comment 52 5.1Introduction: defining design review 52 5.2Implementing design review 54 5.3Tools and skills for design review 54 5.4Design review: a case study example 55 5.5The value of design review 59 5.6Conclusions 60 References 61 6.Phase 4: Construction - commissioning 62 Michael J. Holtz Editorial comment 62 6.1Introduction 62 6.2Commissioning defined 63 6.3Commissioning versus construction administration 64 6.4The commissioning process 64 6.5Commissioning tools 69 6.6Conclusions 70 References 70 7.Phase 5: Occupancy - post-occupancy evaluation 72 Bill Bordass and Adrian Leaman Editorial comment 72 7.1Introduction 72 7.2The origins of POE 73 7.3Recent developments 74 7.4Making feedback and POE routine 75 7.5Moving forward 76 7.6Conclusions and next steps 78 References and further reading 78 8. Phase 6: Adaptive reuse/recycling - market needs assessment 80 DannyS.S. Then Editorial comment 80 8.1The drive for measures of building performance 80 8.2 Building performance and facility management 81 8.3 Business context of operational facilities performance 82 8.4 Review of current practice in measuring facilities performance 83 8.5A new view for determining facilities performance 85 8.6 Conclusions 88 Acknowledgements 88 References 89 PART 3.Case Studies 91 9. Benchmarking the 'sustainability' of a building project 93 Susan Roaf Editorial comment 93 9.1Introduction: the problems are known 93 9.2 The role of BPE in making buildings sustainable 96 9.3 The rationale for incorporating issues of sustainability 96 9.4 The client's choices 98 9.5What are the key issues of sustainability? 99 9.6 What are indicators and benchmarks? 99 9.7 What issues should be included in an indicator set? 100 9.8Conclusions 101 References 101 10. Introducing the ASTM facilities evaluation methodology 104 Franoise Szigeti, Gerald Davis, and David Hammond Editorial comment 104 10.1Overview 104 10.2Methodology and tools 105 10.3 Applying the methodology to assess the suitability of a portfolio of assets 114 10.4 Conclusions 115 Acknowledgements 116 References 116 11. Assessing the performance of offices of the future 118 Rotraut Walden Editorial comment 118 11.1Increasing productivity in companies through better office buildings 118 11.2 User needs analysis 119 11.3 Methodology 120 11.4 Selected results 122 11.5 Conclusions 124 11.6Summary 125 Acknowledgements 126 References 126 12.Assessing Brazilian workplace performance 128 Sheila Walbe Ornstein, Cldudia Miranda de Andrade, and Brenda Chaves Coelho Leite Editorial comment 128 12.1Background 129 12.2Methodology 129 12.3Description of the two buildings 132 12.4Physical occupancy evaluation 134 12.5User feedback evaluation 135 12.6Environmental comfort evaluation 136 12.7Conclusions and recommendations 137 Acknowledgements 138 References 138 13.User satisfaction surveys in Israel 140 Ahuva Windsor Editorial comment 140 13.1The organizational context of post-occupancy evaluations 140 13.2The government centres project 141 13.3Post-occupancy activities 143 13.4The user satisfaction survey at the GIA 143 13.5Findings of the user satisfaction survey at the GIA 144 13.6Conclusions 147 References 147 14.Building performance evaluation in Japan 149 Akikazu Kato, Pieter C. Le Roux, and Kazuhisa Tsunekawa Editorial comment 149 14.1Introduction 150 14.2The evolution of workplace quality standards 150 14.3BPE methodology in Japan 152 14.4 Case study: workplace mapping in an innovative workplace 154 14.5Staffing typologies 156 14.6Workplace mapping results 156 14.7Conclusions 158 Acknowledgements 158 References 159 15.Evaluation of innovative workplace design in the Netherlands 160 Shauna Mallory-Hill, Theo J.M. van der Voordt, and Anne van Dortmont Editorial comment 160 15.1Overview 160 15.2Building performance evaluation in the Netherlands 161 15.3Evaluation methods and performance criteria 161 15.4Case one: office innovation at ABN-AMRO bank in Breda 162 15.5Case two: building system innovation in Rijnland Water Board building 164 15.6 Lessons learned from the two examples 168 References 169 16. Evaluating universal design performance 170 Wolfgang F.E. Preiser Editorial comment 170 16.1Introduction 170 16.2 Universal design 171 16.3Universal design performance and building 173 performance evaluation (BPE) 16.4 Universal design evaluation (UDE) 175 16.5 Strategies for universal design evaluation 176 16.6 Conclusions 177 Acknowledgements 178 References 178 17. The facility performance evaluation working group 180 Craig Zimring, Fehmi Dogan, Dennis Dunne, Cheryl Fuller, and Kevin Kampschroer Editorial comment 180 17.1Introduction 180 17.2 Lessons-learned from previous evaluation programmes 181 17.3 A common questionnaire 183 17.4 Results 185 17.5 Developing methods and procedures for energy performance 185 17.6 Discussion and conclusions 186 Acknowledgements 187 References 187 18. The human element in building performance evaluation 188 Alex K. Lam Editorial comment 188 18.1Introduction 188 18.2 The information generating process 189 18.3 The process leader - 190 18.4 Interpersonal skills in process leadership 193 18.5 The emotional intelligence (EQ) of the process leader 193 18.6 Key EQ competencies for the process leader 194 18.7 Conclusions 197 References 197 PART 4. Epilogue 199 19. Looking to the future 201 Jacqueline C. Vischer 19.1Assessing building performance 201 19.2 Phases of building performance evaluation 202 19.3BPE in a diversity of cultural contexts 203 19.4Quality and cost 204 19.5Vision of the future 206 Acknowledgements 207 References 207 Appendix: Measuring instruments for building performance evaluation 209 A. 1 Checklist of useful documents for building performance evaluation (BPE) Building performance evaluation (BPE) questions 211 A.2 Occupant survey 212 A.3 BIU survey questionnaire 215 A.4 NUTAU - Research Center for Architecture and Urban 218 Design Technology A.5 Building user survey questionnaire, the Netherlands 226 A.6 Measuring the effects of innovative working environments 227 A.7 Three measurement tools from Germany 229 A.8 The principles of universal design 235 A.9 Information sources for building commissioning 237 Index 239