CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 8 PART 1: Cultural developments and predisposing techniques 1750-1939 1 Cultural transformations: Neo-Classical architecture 1750-1900 12 2 Territorial transformations: urban developments 1800-1909 20 3 Technical transformations: structural engineering 1775-1939 29 PART 2: A critical history 1836-1967 1 News from Nowhere: England 1836-1924 42 2 Adler and Sullivan: the Auditorium and the high rise 1886-95 51 3 Frank Lloyd Wright and the myth of the Prairie 1890-1916 57 4 Structural Rationalism and the influence of Viollet-le-Duc: Gaudi, Horta, Guimard and Berlage 1880-1910 64 5 Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the Glasgow School 1896-1916 74 6 The Sacred Spring: Wagner, Olbrich and Hoffmann 1886-1912 78 7 Antonio Sant'Elia and Futurist architecture 1909-14 84 8 Adolf Loos and the crisis of culture 1896-1931 90 9 Henry van de Velde and the abstraction of empathy 1895-1914 96 10 Tony Gamier and the Industrial City 1899-1918 100 11 Auguste Ferret: the evolution of Classical Rationalism 1899-1925 105 12 The Deutsche Werkbund 1898-1927 109 13 The Glass Chain: European architectural Expressionism 1910-25 116 14 The Bauhaus: the evolution of an idea 1919-32 123 15 The New Objectivity: Germany, Holland and Switzerland 1923-33 130 16 De Stijl: the evolution and dissolution of Neo-Plasticism 1917-31 142 17 Le Corbusierand the Esprit Nouveau 1907-31 149 18 Mies van der Rohe and the significance of fact 1921-33 161 19 The New Collectivity: art and architecture in the Soviet Union 1918-32 167 20 Le Corbusier and the Ville Radieuse 1928-46 178 21 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Disappearing City 1929-63 186 22 Alvar Aalto and the Nordic tradition: National Romanticism and the Doricist sensibility 1895-1957 192 23 Giuseppe Terragni and the architecture of Italian Rationalism 1926-43 203 24 Architecture and the State: ideology and representation 1914-43 210 25 Le Corbusier and the monumentalization of the vernacular 1930-60 224 26 Mies van der Rohe and the monumentalization of technique 1933-67 231 27 The Eclipse of the New Deal: Buckminster Fuller, Philip Johnson and Louis Kahn 1934-64 238 PART 3: Critical assessment and extension into the present 1925-91 1 The International Style: theme and variations 1925-65 248 2 New Brutalism and the architecture of the Welfare State: England 1949-59 262 3 The vicissitudes of ideology: CIAM and Team X, critique and counter-critique 1928-68 269 4 Place, Production and Scenography: international theory and practice since 1962 280 5 Critical Regionalism: modern architecture and cultural identity 314 6 World architecture and reflective practice 328 7 Architecture in the Age of Globalization: topography, morphology, sustainability, materiality, habitat and civic form 1975-2007 344 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 390 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 412 INDEX 414