CONTENT: Introduction ix Types of Innovation 1 Several Types on Many Fronts Incremental and Radical Innovation 2 Factors That Favor Incremental Innovation6 Innovations in Processes 7 Service Innovations 9 Summing Up 11 The S-Curve 13 A Concept and Its Lessons The S-Curve Explained 14 Three Lessons 17 Where DoYou Stand on the S-Curve? 24 Limits to These Lessons 24 Summing Up 25 Idea Generation 27 Opening the Genie's Bottle New Knowledge 28 Tapping the Ideas of Customers 29 Learning from Lead Users 31 Empathetic Design 33 Invention Factories and Skunkworks 34 Open Market Innovation 38 The Role of Mental Preparation 39 How Management Can Encourage Idea Generation 40 Two Idea-Generating Techniques 45 Summing Up 48 Recognizing Opportunities Don't Let the Good Ones Slip By 51 A Method for Opportunity Recognition 54 Rough-Cut Business Evaluation55 Summing Up 58 Moving Innovation to Market61 Will It Fly? The Idea Funnel 62 Stage-Gate Systems 64 A Caution on Funnels and Stage-Gate Systems 67 Financial Issues68 Extending Innovation Through Platforms74 Summing Up76 Creativity and Creative Groups Two Keys to Innovation 79 Myths About Creativity80 Three Components of Individual Creativity82 Characteristics of Creative Groups 84 Handling Conflict in Groups91 Time Pressure and Creativity 93 Six Steps for Increasing Your Own Creativity95 Summing Up 96 Enhancing Creativity99 Enriching the Organization and Workplace Organizational Enrichment 100 Enriching the Physical Workplace 109 Summing Up 114 What Leaders Must Do Making a Difference 115 Develop an Innovation-Friendly Culture116 Establish Strategic Direction120 Be Involved with Innovation121 Be Open but Skeptical122 Improve the Idea-to-Commercialization Process 123 Apply Portfolio Thinking 124 Put People with the Right Stuff in Charge 127 Create an Ambidextrous Organization 128 Summing Up 129 Appendix A: The Time Value of Money 131 Appendix B: Useful Implementation Tools 147 Notes 155 Glossary 159 For Further Reading 163 Index 167 About the Subject Adviser 173 About the Writer 174 Introduction ix Types of Innovation 1 Several Types on Many Fronts Incremental and Radical Innovation 2 Factors That Favor Incremental Innovation 6 Innovations in Processes 7 Service Innovations 9 Summing Up 11 The S-Curve 15 A Concept and Its Lessons The S-Curve Explained 14 Three Lessons 17 Where Do You Stand on the S-Curve? 24 Limits to These Lessons 24 Summing Up 25 Idea Generation 27 Opening the Genie's Bottle New Knowledge 28 Tapping the Ideas of Customers 29 Learning from Lead Users 31 Empathetic Design 33 Invention Factories and Skunkworks 34 Open Market Innovation 38 Contents Introduction ix 1 Types of Innovation 1 Sacral Types on Many Fronts Incremental and Radical Innovation 2 Factors That Favor Incremental Innovation 6 Innovations in Processes 7 Service Innovations 9 Summing Up 11 2 TheS-Curve 13 A Concept and Its Lessons The S-Curve Explained 14 Three Lessons 17 Where DoYou Stand on the S-Curve? 24 Limits to These Lessons 24 Summing Up 25 3 Idea Generation 27 Opening the Genie's Bottle New Knowledge 28 Tapping the Ideas of Customers 29 Learning from Lead Users 31 Empathetic Design 33 Invention Factories and Skunkworks 34 Open Market Innovation 38