Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv Abbreviationsxvii 1Introduction 1 2The changing nature of airports 10 Traditional airport ownership and management 11 Moves towards commercialization 12 Why privatization? 15 The privatization timetable 23 Types of privatization 25 The airport operators and investors 51 The consequences of privatization and Internationalization of the airport industry 59 3Airport economics and performance benchmarking 68 Industry profit levels 69 Revenue and cost structures 71 Factors influencing costs and revenues 76 Measuring economic performance and efficiency 79 4Airport operations and service quality 96 Differentiation of service levels 97 Service quality 105 Sec u ri ty i ssues 121 Check-in processes 128 Biometric identification and registered passenger schemes132 5 The airport-airline relationship 138 The structure of aeronautical charges 139 The level of aeronautical charges 146 The impact of aeronautical charges on airline operations. 147 The airport regulatory environment 152 Regulation of individual airports 154 Slot allocation 163 Ground handling issues 173 6The provision of commercial facilities 186 The importance' of commercial facilities 187 The market for commercial facilities 188 Approaches to the provision of commercial facilities 197 The commercial contract and tender process 200 Factors driving success 202 Measuring non-aeronautical performance 207 Recent developments and future trends 211 7Airport competition and the role of airport marketing 229 Airport competition 230 The birth of airport marketing 239 Marketing concepts 240 Airport marketing techniques 247 8The economic and social impact of airports 272 The wider picture 273 Airports as generators of economic activity 274 Measuring the direct, indirect, and induced impacts 276 Airports and economic development 282 Incentives to encourage economic development 289 9The environmental impact of airports 294 Growing concerns for the- environment 295 The main impacts 296 The role of other transport modes 309 Environmental management314 10Future prospects320 Index 329