CONTENTS Preface to the Fourth Edition v Preface to the First Edition ix PART 1 BACKGROUND 1. NATURE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING 1.3-1.14 Introduction13 Financial Accounting, Cost Accounting, and Management Accounting1.5 Types of Management Accounting Information and their Uses1.9 An Overview of the Book1.11 Summary1.12 References1.13 Review Questions 1.13 . PART 2 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 2. GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 2.3-2.38 Introduction2.3 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles2.4 Accounting Standards2.14 Summary 2.33 References 2.37 Review Questions 2.37 3. ACCOUNTING CYCLE AND STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION 3.1-3-66 lintroduction 3-1 Accounting Cycle3-2 Balance Sheet 3.27 Profit and Loss Account 3-31 Summary 3-38 Solved problems 3-41 Review Questions 3-61 Answers 3-66 4. UNDERSTANDING CORPORATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORTS 4.1-4.58 Introduction4.1 Corporate Financial Statements4.2 Corporate Reports4.27 Summary 4.49 Solved Problems 4.51 Review Questions 4.56 Answers 4.58 PART 3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 5. Cash Flow Statement 5.3-5.49 Introduction5.3 Meaning, Sources and Uses of Cash and its Usefulness 5.4 Preparation of Cash Flow Statement5.5 Cash Flow Statement 5.13 Summary 5.22 References5.23 Solved Problems 5.23 Review Questions 5.41 Answers 5.45 Case 5.45 6. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS 6.1-6.79 Introduction6.1 Ratio Analysis6.2 Common Size Statements6.40 Importance and Limitations of Ratio Analysis6.42 Summary 6.44 References 6.47 Solved Problems6.47 Review Questions 6.73 Answers 6.79 PART 4 COST ACCUMULATION 7. COST CONCEPTS AND MANAGEMENT NEEDS 7.3-7.24 Introduction 7.3 Cost Concepts Relating to Income Measurement7.3 Cost Concepts Relating to Profit Planning7.6 Cost Concepts for Control 7.15 Cost Concepts for Decision-making7.17 Summary7.19 References7.20 Review Questions 7.20 Case7:22 8. COSTING AND CONTROL OF MATERIALS 8.1-8.52 Introduction8.1 Control of Materials8.1 Cost of Inventory and Costing Methods8.18 Just-in Time Inventory/Production8.26 Summary 8.28 References 8.30 Solved Problems 8.30 Review Questions 8.48 Answers 8.51 9. COSTING AND CONTROL OF LABOUR 9.1-9-32 Introduction9.1 Accounting for Labour9.2 Special Problems Relating to Accounting for Labour9.4 Labour Turnover9.10 Efficiency Rating Procedures9.14 Summary 9.18 References 9.20 . Solved problems 9.20 Review Questions 9.30 Answers 9-32 10. COSTING AND CONTROL OF FACTORY (MANUFACTURING) OVERHFADS 10.1-10.41 Introduction10.1 Factory Overhead Costs10.2 Cost Allocation10.5 Absorption of Factory Overheads10.11 Underabsorption and Overabsorption of Factory Overheads10.16 Summary10.18 References10.20 Solved Problems10.20 Review Questions10.38 Answers10.41 11. COSTING AND CONTROL OF ADMINISTRATIVE, SELLING AND DISTRIBUTION OVERHEADS 11.1-11.14 Introduction11.1 Administrative Overheads/Costs11.2 Selling and Distribution Overheads11.4 Summary 11.9 Solved problems11.10 Review questions 11.13 Answers11.14 12. ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SYSTEM 12.1-12.45 Introduction12.1 Traditional Manufacturing Costing System12.2 Activity Based Costing/Management (ABC/ABM) System12.3 Cost of Resource Capacity212.9 ABC for Marketing, Selling and Distribution Expenses12.10 ABC for Service Companies12.13 PROs and CONs12.16 References12.17 Summary 12.17 Solved Problems12.19 Review Questions12.36 Answers12.40 Cases 12.41 13. JOB-ORDER AND BATCH COSTING 13.1-13.23 Introduction13.1 Job/Order Costing13.1 Batch Costing13.12 Summary 13-13 References13.13 Solved Problems13.13 Review Questions 13-21 Answers 13.23 14. PROCESS, JOINT AND BY-PRODUCT COSTING 14.1-14.65 Introduction14.1 Nature and Suitability14.2 Cost Accumulation in Process Costing14.2 Joint Products14.20 By-products14.23 Sell Now (at Split-off Point) or Process Further14.24 Summary 14.28 Solved Problems14.29 Review Questions14.59 Answers14.64 15. VARIABLE COSTING AND ABSORPTION (FULL) COSTING 15.1-15.26 Introduction15.1 Variable and Absorption Costing: A Comparison15.2 Variable and Absorption Costing: Reconciliation15.8 Advantages and Limitations of Variable Costing 15.10 Summary15.12 References15.12 Solved Problems15.13 Review Questions15.24 Answers 15.26 PART 5 PROFIT PLANNING 16. VOLUME-COST-PROFIT ANALYSIS 16.3-16.56 Introduction16.3 Break-even Analysis16.4 Summary 16.28 References 16.30 Solved Problems16.31 Review Questions 16.44 Answers 16.47 Cases 16.48 17. BUDGETING AND PROFIT PLANNING 17.1-17.35 Introduction77-7 The Planning Process17.1 Budget-Definition, Meaning and Purpose17.2 Preparation/Types of Budgets17.5 Summary 17.13 References 17.14 Solved Problems17.14 Revieiv Questions 17.26 Answers 17.29 Case 17.30 PART 6 COST CONTROL 18. STANDARD COSTS AND QUALITY COSTS 18.3-18.13 Introduction18.3 Meaning of Standards18.3 Establishing Cost Standards 18.4 Components of Standard Cost18.5 Quality Costs18.9 Summary 18.12 References18.12 Review Questions 18.13 19. COST VARIANCES ANALYSIS 19.1-19-56 Introduction19.1 Material Variances19.4 Labour Variances19.11 Overhead Variances19-15 Standard Cost Accounting19.24 Summary 19.28 References19.31 Solved Problems19-31 Review Questions 19.52 Answers 19.56 20. REVENUE AND PROFIT VARIANCE ANALYSIS 20.1-20.39 Introduction20.1 Sales Variances20.1 Profit Variances20.5 Actual Profit and Budgeted Profit: Reconciliation20. 7 Variance Reporting20.11 Disposition of Variances20.14 Summary 20.16 References 20.18 Solved Problems 20.18 Review Questions 20.29 Answers 20.31 Cases 20.31 21. RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING 21.1-21.34 Introduction21.1 Meaning and Objectives21.2 Types of Responsibility Centres21.4 Summary 21.18 References 21.20 Solved problems 21.20 Review Questions 21.31 Answers 21.34 PART 7 DECISION-MAKING 22. SHORT-RUN DECISION ANALYSIS 22.3-22.59 Introduction22.3 Analytical Framework22.3 Decision-situations22.5 Target Costing22.17 Summary 22.20 References22.22 Solved problems 22.22 Review Questions 22.48 Answers 22.53 Cases 22.54 23. CAPITAL BUDGETING 23.1-23-53 Introduction23.1 Nature of Capital Budgeting23.1 Data Requirement: Identifying Relevant Flows23.4 Evaluation Techniques23.18 Summary 23.32 References 23.34 Solved Problems 23.35 Review Questions 23.41 Answers 23.44 Cases 23.44 Appendices A.1-A.6 Select Bibliography SB.1-SB.3 Index I.1-I.10