CONTENTS : FOREWORD 9 PREFACE 11 1. INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS 15 1.1The Current Environment 16 1.2The Scope of Logistics 18 1.3The Elements of Logistics 25 1.4Logistics in the System Life Cycle 29 1.5Performance-Based Logistics (PBL) 35 1.6The Need for Logistics Engineering 38 1.7Related Terms and Definitions 41 1.7.1System Engineering 42 1.7.2System Analysis 44 1.7.3Supportability Analysis (SA) 44 1.7.4Concurrent/Simultaneous Engineering 46 1.7.5Software Engineering 46 1.7.6Reliability (R) 47 1.7.7Maintainability (M) 48 1.7.8Maintenance and Support 49 1.7.9Human Factors (Ergonomics) 51 1.7.10 Safety and Security 51 1.7.11 Producibility 53 1.7.12 Disposability 53 1.7.13 Configuration Management (CM) 53 1.7.14 Total Quality Management (TQM) 54 1.7.15 System Effectiveness (SE)54 1.7.16 Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) 56 1.7.17 Cost-Effectiveness (CE)57 1.8Summary 58 Questions and Problems 58 2. RELIABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY, AND AVAILABILITY MEASURES 60 2.1Reliability Measures and Related Factors 61 2.1.1 Reliability Function and Failure Rate 61 2.1.2 Reliability Models and Component Relationships 66 2.2Maintainability Measures and Related Factors 72 2.2.1 Maintenance Elapsed-Tirne Factors 72 2.2.2Maintenance Labor-Hour Factors 82 2.2.3 Maintenance Frequency Factors 84 2.2.4Maintenance Cost Factors 86 2.3Availability Factors 86 2.3.1 Inherent Availability (Ai) 86 2.3.2 Achieved Availability (Aa) 87 2.3.3 Operational Availability (A0) 87 2.4Summary 87 Questions and Problems 88 3. THE MEASURES OF LOGISTICS AND SYSTEM SUPPORT 92 3.1System Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) 92 3.1.1 System Effectiveness (SE) 93 3.1.2Economic and Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) Factors 95 3.1.3Cost-Effectiveness (CE) 101 3.2Supply Chain Factors 103 3.3Purchasing and Material Flow Factors 106 3.4Transportation, Packaging, and Handling Factors 108 3.5Warehousing and Distribution Factors 113 3.6Maintenance Factors 115 3.6.1 Organizational Factors 115 3.6.2Spares, Repair Parts, and Related Inventory Factors 116 3.6.3 Test and Support Equipment Factors 127 3.6.4Transportation and MateriaIs Handling Factors 128 3.6.5Maintenance Facility Factors 129 3.6.6Computer Resources and Maintenance Software Factors 129 3.6.7Technical Data and Information System Factors 130 3.7System Retirement and Material Recycling/Disposal Factors 131 3.8Summary 131 Questions and Problems 133 4. THE SYSTEM ENGINEERING PROCESS 137 4.1Definition of Problem, and Needs Analysis 139 4.2System Feasibility Analysis 141 4.3System Operational Requirements 142 4.4Maintenance and Support Concept 153 4.5Identification and Prioritization of Technical Performance Measures (TPMs) 160 4.6Functional Analysis 164 4.6.1 Functional Flow Block Diagrams (FFBDs) 168 4.6.2 Operational Functions 169 4.6.3 Maintenance and Support Functions 170 4.6.4 Application of Functional Flow Diagrams 171 4.7Requirements Definition and Allocation 176 4.7.1 Allocation of Reliability Requirements 177 4.7.2Allocation of Maintainability Requirements 183 4.7.3Allocation of Logistic Support Requirements 186 4.7.4 Allocation of Economic Factors 186 4.8System Synthesis, Analysis, and Design Optimization 187 4.9System Test and Evaluation 194 4.10Summary 201 Questions and Problems 202 5. LOGISTICS AND SUPPORTABILITY ANALYSIS 205 5.1The Analysis Process 207 5.2Analysis Methods and Tools 218 5.2.1 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) 218 5.2.2Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) 225 5.2.3 Fault-Tree Analysis (FTA) 230 5.2.4 Maintenance Task Analysis (MTA) 235 5.2.5 Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) 241 5.2.6 Level-of-Repair Analysis (LORA) 246 5.2.7 Evaluation of Design Alternatives 251 5.3Supportability Analysis Applications 254 5.4Logistics Management Information (LMI) 257 5.5Summary 260 Questions and Problems 260 6. LOGISTICS IN SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 270 6.1The Design Process 271 6.1.1 Conceptual Design 271 6.1.2Preliminary System Design 272 6.1.3Detail Design and Development 273 6.2Related Design Disciplines 287 6.2.1 Design for Reliability 287 6.2.2 Design for Maintainability 295 6.2.3Design for Human Factors and Safety 299 6.2.4 Design for Producibility 306 6.2.5 Design for Quality 307 6.2.6 Design for Disposability 309 6.2.7Design for Economic Feasibility 310 6.2.8Design for the Environment 313 6.3Supplier Design Activities 315 6.4Design Integration, Design Review, and System Evaluation 316 6.5System Test and Evaluation (Validation of the Logistics and Support Infrastructure) 324 6.6Design Changes and System Modifications 327 6.7Summary 329 Questions and Problems 330 7. LOGISTICS IN THE PRODUCTION/CONSTRUCTION PHASE 333 7.1 Production/Construction Requirements 334 7.2 Industrial Engineering and Operations Analysis 341 7.3 Production/Manufacturing Operations 346 7.4 Quality Control 349 7.5 Measurement and Evaluation of Production Capability 353 7.6 Transition from Production to Customer (User) Operations 354 7.7 Summary 359 Questions and Problems 360 8. LOGISTICS IN THE SYSTEM UTILIZATION, SUSTAINING SUPPORT, AND RETIREMENT PHASES 364 8.1System Support Requirements 365 8.2Assessment of Logistics Capability 367 8.2.1 Data Collection, Analysis, and Reporting 367 8.2.2 Evaluation of Logistics Elements 372 8.3System Modifications 381 8.4System Retirement 382 8.5Summary 383 Questions and Problems 383 9. LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT 386 9.1Logistics Program Planning 387 9.1.1 Logistics in the System Life Cycle 387 9.1.2Development of Specifications 391 9.1.3Development of Planning Documentation 393 9.2Development of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 401 9.3Scheduling of Logistics Tasks 402 9.4Cost Estimating and Control 412 9.5Major Interfaces with Other Program Activities 414 9.6Organization for Logistics 418 9.6.1 Customer, Producer, and Supplier Relationships 419 9.6.2 Customer Organization and Functions (Consumer) 420 9.6.3 Producer Organization and Functions (Contractor) 421 9.6.4Supplier Organization and Functions 436 9.6.5Staffing the Organization 439 9.7Management and Control 442 9.8Summary 444 Questions and Problems 445 APPENDIX A: SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 447 APPENDIX B: SYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW CHECKLIST 457 APPENDIX C: SUPPLIER EVALUATION CHECKLIST 472 APPENDIX D: LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS (LCCA) 479 APPENDIX E: MAINTENANCE TASK ANALYSIS (MTA) 510 APPENDIX F: SELECTED INTEREST TABLES 534 APPENDIX G: NORMAL DISTRIBUTION TABLES 545 APPENDIX H: ABBREVIATIONS 548 INDEX 552