CONTENTS Preface 6 Richard Yelland and Brian Tucker Executive summary 8 Reader's guide 15 Introduction: Acknowledging the importance of improving earthquake safety in schools 19 Hannah von Ahlcfdd Part I. Recognising the obstacles to improving seismic safety of schools 31 1. Earthquake vulnerability of school buildings in Algeria .35 Fouad Bendimerad 2. Learning about seismic safety of schools from community experience in Berkeley, California 45 Arrjetta Chakos 3. Seismic safety of schools in Italy 52 Mourn Dolce 4. Obstacles to improving seismic safety of school buildings in Turkey 64 Polot Gulkan 5. Seismic risk in schools: The Venezuelan project 88 Oscar A. Lopez, Juiio J. Hernandez, Gianina Del Re, Jose Puig and Magnolia Santamaria 6. Towards effective mitigation and emergency response in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 101 Zoran Milutinovic and Jean-Pierre Massue 7. Making schools safer: The New Zealand experience 119 Brian Mitchd! 8. Damage in schools in the 1998 Faial earthquake in the Azores Islands, Portugal 131 Jorge Migud Proenca 9. Earthquakes and educational infrastructure policy in Mexico .140 Jaime de la Garza Reyna Part II. Defining seismic safety principles for schools 147 10. Fundamental concepts and principles for assuring acceptable performance of schools and the education system 149 Dennis Belief Part III. Assessing vulnerability and risks to schools and other public buildings 155 11. Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule: Measuring the community's commitment to adopting and enforcing building codes 157 Dennis Gage 12.Translating earthquake hazard mitigation measures from one country to another : A case study 164 Christopher Rojahn 13. Seismic risk mitigation practices in school buildings in Istanbul Turkey 176 Ozal YuzugulliJ, Gulay Barbarosoglu and Mustafa Erdik Part IV. Identifying strategies and programmes for improving school seismic safety 185 14.A brief review of school typologies in Italy : Specific vulnerability and possible strategies for seismic retrofitting 187 Nicola Cosentino, Giovanni Manieri and Andrea Benedetti 15.Implementing school seismic safety programmes in developing countries 197 Sudhir K. Jain 16. Supporting local seismic experts: Experiences in Nepal and lndia 204 Richard Sharpe 17. Evaluating earthquake retrofitting measures for schools: A cost-benefit analysis 208 A.W. Smyth, G. Deodatis, G. Franco, Y. He and T. Gurvich 18.Strengthening school buildings to resist earthquakes: Progress in European countries 217 Robin Spence Part V. Taking an initial step towards improving earthquake safety in schools : ad hoc Experts' Group Report on Earthquake Safety in Schools 229 Contributors to this publication 239