CONTENTS PART 1FRAMEWORK 1 1 Guide to This Book 3 2 Qualitative Research: Why and How to Do It 11 3 Qualitative and Quantitative Research 23 4 Ethics of Qualitative Research 35 PART 2FROM THEORY TO TEXT 45 5 Making Use of the Literature in Qualitative Research 47 6 Theoretical Positions Underlying Qualitative Research 56 7 Epistemological Background: Construction and Understanding of Texts 74 PART 3RESEARCH DESIGN 87 8 The Qualitative Research Process 89 9 Research Questions 97 10 Entering the Field 105 11 Sampling 114 12 How to Design Qualitative Research: An Overview 127 PART 4VERBAL DATA 147 13 Interviews 149 14 Narratives 176 15 Focus Groups 194 16 Verbal Data: An Overview 210 PART 5OBSERVATION AND MEDIATED DATA 219 17 Observation and Ethnography 221 18 Visual Data: Photography, Film, and Video 239 19 Using Documents as Data 254 20 Qualitative Online Research: Using the Internet 263 21 Observation and Mediated Data: An Overview 281 PART 6FROM TEXT TO THEORY 291 22 Documentation of Data 293 23 Coding and Categorizing 305 24 Analyzing Conversation, Discourse, and Genres 333 25 Narrative and Hermeneutic Analysis 345 26 Using Computers in Qualitative Analysis 358 27 Text Interpretation: An Overview 373 PART 7GROUNDING AND WRITING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 381 28 Quality Criteria in Qualitative Research 383 29 The Quality of Qualitative Research: Beyond Criteria 400 30 Writing Qualitative Research 413 PART 8QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: INTEGRATION AND OUTLOOK 425 31 Qualitative Research at Work I: Grounded Theory 427 32 Qualitative Research at Work II: Triangulation 443 33 Qualitative Research: State of the Art and the Future 454 Glossary 467 References 476 Author Index 492 Subject Index 496 About the Author 505