CONTENTS Preface vii Acknowledgement ix 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS HANDLING 1-8 1.1 Definition-and Scope of Materials Handling 1 1.2 Importance of Materials Handling 2 1.3 Systems Concept 3 1.4 Characteristics and Classification of Materials 4 2.0 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIALS HANDLING 9 -15 2.1 Planning Principle 9 2.2 Systems Principle 10 2.3 Material Flow Principle 10 2.4 Simplification Principle 11 2.5 Gravity Principle 11 2.6 Space Utilization Principle 11 2.7 Unit Size Principle 12 2.8 Safety Principle 12 2.9 Mechanization Principle 12 2.10 Equipment Selection Principle 12 2.11 Standardization Principle 13 2.12 Flexibility Principle 13 2.13 Dead-Weight Principle 13 2.14 Motion Principle 13 2.15 Idle Time Principle 14 2.16 Maintenance Principle 14 2.17 Obsolescence Principle 14 2.18 Control Principle 15 2.19 Capacity Principle 15 2.20 Performance Principle 15 3.0 UNIT LOAD CONCEPT 16 - 20 3.1 Definition of Unit Load 16 3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 16 3.3 Load Unitization Process and Handling Methods 17 3.4 Pallets, Skids and Containers 19 3.5 Alternative Methods of Handling 23 3.6 Packaging for Materials Handling 24 4.0 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT 29 - 34 4.1 Basic Equipment Types 29 4.2 Classification of Handling Equipment 30 5.0 INDUSTRIAL VEHICLES/TRUCKS 35 - 56 5.1 Hand Trucks 35 5.2 Power Trucks 40 5.3 Fork Lift Trucks 43 5.4 Tractors 52 6.0 CONVEYORS 57-118 6.1 Belt Conveyors 57 6.2 Chain Conveyors 78 6.3 Haulage Conveyors 95 6.4 Cable Conveyors 98 6.5 Bucket Conveyors 101 6.6 Roller Conveyors 101 6.7 Screw Conveyors 112 7.0 PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC CONVEYORS 119 -131 7.1 Pneumatic Conveyors 119 7.2 Hydraulic Conveyors 129 8.0 HOISTING EQUIPMENT 132 -175 8.1 Parts of Hoisting Equipment 132 8.2 Hoists 146 8.3 Winches 148 8.4 Elevators 149 8.5 Cranes 161 8.6 Derricks 174 9.0 BULK HANDLING EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS 176 - 184 9.1 Storage of Bulk Solids 176 9.2 Bulk Handling Equipment 177 10.0 ROBOTIC HANDLING 185 -190 10.1 Materials Handling at the Workplace 185 10.2 Robots and their Classification 185 10.3 Robotic Handling Applications 189 11.0 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT 191 -198 11.1 Gates 191 11.2 Feeders 192 11.3 Chutes 195 11.4 Positioners 196 11.5 Ball Table 197 11.6 Weighing and Control Equipment 197 11.7 Pallet Loader and Unloader 198 12.0 ORGANISATION, MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY 199 - 209 12.1 Organisation 199 12.2 Maintenance 201 12.3 Safety in Materials Handling 202 APPENDIX : List of Materials Handling Equipment Manufacturers 211 - 223 INDEX 225 -231