CONTENTS OF PART A Contributors xi Foreword xvii Preface xix I. History and Prefatory Essays 1. History of Seismology (D.C. Agnew) 3 2. Historical View of Earthquake Engineering (G.W. Housner) 13 3. The Jesuit Contribution to Seismology (A. Udfas and W. Stauder) 19 4. International Seismology (R.D. Adams) 29 5.Synthesis of Earthquake Science Information and Its Public Transfer: A History of the Southern California Earthquake Center (K. Aki) 39 6.Continental Drift, Sea-Floor Spreading, and Plate/Plume Tectonics (S. Uyeda) 51 7.Earthquake Mechanisms and Plate Tectonics (S. Stein and E. Klosko) 69 II. Theoretical Seismology 8. Theoretical Seismology: An Introduction (A. Udi'as).81 9. Seismic Ray Theory and Finite Frequency Extensions (C.H. Chapman) 103 10. Normal Modes of the Earth and Planets (P. Lognonne and E. Clevede) 125 11. Inversion of Surface Waves: A Review (B. Romanowicz). 149 12. Earthquake Dynamics (R. Madariaga and K.B. Olsen) 175 13.Scattering and Attenuation of Seismic Waves in the Lithosphere (H. Sato, M. Fehler, and R.-S. Wu) 195 14. Earthquakes as a Complex System (D.L. Turcotte and B.D. Malamud). 209 15. Physics of Earthquakes (R. Teisseyre and E. Majewski) 229 16. Probabilistic Approach to Inverse Problems (K. Mosegaard and A. Tarantola). 237 III. Observational Seismology 17. Challenges in Observational Seismology (W.H.K. Lee) 269 18. Seismometry (E. Wielandt) 283 19. Seismic Noise on Land and on the Seafloor (S.C. Webb) 305 20. US Contribution to Digital Global Seismograph Networks (C.R. Hutt, H.F. Bolton, and L.G. Holcomb) 319 21. The Structure and Interpretation of Seismograms (O. Kulhanek)333 22. Analysis of Digital Earthquake Signals (F. Scherbaum).349 23. Seismometer Arrays - Their Use in Earthquake and Test Ban Seismology (A. Douglas)357 24. Seismological Methods of Monitoring Compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (P.O. Richards) 369 25. Volcano Seismology and Monitoring for Eruptions (S.R. McNutt) 383 26. Three-Dimensional Crustal P-Wave Imaging of Mauna Loa and Kilauea Volcanoes, Hawaii (H.M. Benz, P. Okubo, and A. Villasenor) 407 27. Marine Seismology (K. Suyehiro and K. Mochizuki) 421 28. Tsunamis (K. Satake)437 IV. Earthquake Geology and Mechanics 29. Geology of the Crustal Earthquake Source (R.H. Sibson) 455 30. Paleoseismology (L.B. Grant)475 31. Using Earthquakes for Continental Tectonic Geology (J.A. Jackson) 491 32. Rock Failure and Earthquakes (D.A. Lockner and N.M. Beeler)505 33. State of Stress Within the Earth (L.J. Ruff) 539 34. State of Stress in the Earth's Lithosphere (M.D. Zoback and M.L. Zoback) 559 35. Strength and Energetics of Active Fault Zones (J.N. Brune and W. Thatcher) 569 36. Implications of Crustal Strain during Conventional, Slow, and Silent Earthquakes (M.J.S. Johnston and A.T. Linde)589 37. Estimating Earthquake Source Parameters from Geodetic Measurements (K.L. Feigl). 607 38. Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Earthquakes (M.J.S. Johnston) 621 39.Earthquake-Related Hydrological and Geochemical Changes (C.-Y. King and G. Igarashi) 637 40.Case Histories of Induced and Triggered Seismicity (A. McGarr, D. Simpson, and L. Seeber).647 V. Seismicity of the Earth 41. Global Seismicity: 1900-1999 (E.R. Engdahl and A. Villasenor) 665 42. A List of Deadly Earthquakes in the World: 1500-2000 (T. Utsu) 691 43. Statistical Features of Seismicity (T. Utsu) 719 44.Relationships between Magnitude Scales (T. Utsu). 733 45.Historical Seismicity and Tectonics: The Case of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East (N.N. Ambraseys, J.A. Jackson, and C.P. Melville).747 46.Earthquakes and Archaeology (A. Nur)765 47.Historical Seismology: The Long Memory of the Inhabited World (E. Guidoboni).775 48.Earthquake History: Some Examples 791 48.1 Introduction (W.H.K. Lee). 791 48.2 California Earthquakes of M>5.5: Their History and the Areas Damaged (T. Toppozada and D. Branum) 793 48.3 The Historical Earthquakes of India (S.P. Satyabala) 797 48.4 Historical Earthquakes in Japan (T. Usami) 799 48.5 Historical Earthquakes of the British Isles (R.M.W. Musson) 803 49.Macroseismology (R.M.W. Musson and I. Cecic) 807 50.USGS Earthquake Moment Tensor Catalog (S.A. Sipkin)823 VI. Earth's Structure 51.The Earth's Interior (T. Lay) 829 52.Probing the Earth's Interior with Seismic Tomography (A. Curtis and R. Snieder) 861 53.Seismic Anisotropy (M. Cara) 875 54.Seismic Velocity Structure of the Continental Lithosphere from Controlled Source Data (W.D. Mooney, C. Prodehl, and N.I. Pavlenkova) 887 55.Seismic Structure of the Oceanic Crust and Passive Continental Margins (T.A. Minshull) 911 56.The Earth's Core (X. Song) 925 IndexXi