CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures xi Acknowledgements xv List of Contributors xvil Introduction by Manmohan Agarwal . 1 SECTION I: MACRO POLICY, TECHNOLOGY AND GROWTH 1. Maintenance of a High Rate of Growth: A Macroeconomic Perspective 15 Manmohan Agarwal Introduction 15 Past Interruptions of the Growth Process v 15 Characteristics of Growth in India 21 Sustainability of Growth of the Indian Economy 31 2. Emerging through Technological Capability? Analysing India's Technological Trajectory 40 Amit Shovon Ray Introduction 40 Technological Progress and Economic Growth 41 Beyond Neoclassical Perspectives:Technological Capability of LDCs 43 India's Technology Policy Framework 46 India's Trajectory of Technological Capability Acquisition 50 The Role of IPR in Technological Capability Building 64 Conclusion 66 3. Determinants, Constraints and Impact of Foreign Direct Investment: India-China Comparison 71 N. S. Siddhanhan Determinant of FDI Inflows: Infrastructure and Governance Constraints 72 Lessons from Inter-country Studies 76 FDI and Inter-province Differences in China 80 FDI and Inter-state Differences in India 83 Main Findings of the Study 86 FDI Spillovers: Evidence from Chinese Studies 88 The Indian Experience 91 4. Agricultural Development Policies and Growth of Indian Agriculture 103 Ramesh Chand Introduction 103 Broad Characteristics of Indian Agriculture 104 Phases in Agriculture Policy 107 Agricultural Growth Rate during the Post-Reforms Period 113 Causes for Slowdown in Agriculture Growth 115 Role of Agriculture in the Growth of the Economy 117 Reviving and Sustaining High Growth in Agriculture 120 Conclusion 125 SECTION II: EDUCATION 5. School Education: A Constraint to the Sustainability of High Growth Rate in India 131 Muchkund Dubey Contribution of Education to Development 131 Condition of, and Policies for, School Education in India 143 Financing School Education 158 Conclusion 163 6. Dream India: Is Its Education Competitive Enough? 167 P V. Indiresan Introduction 167 Productivity and GDP Growth 168 Status of India's Higher Education 171 World-class Research Universities for India 183 Conclusion 188 7. Reservations and the Idea of Fairness: Quotas for OBCs in Higher Education 191 Gurpreet Mahajan The Issue in Context 192 The New Reservations Policy and Its Implications 199 Divergent Differences 210 SECTION III: SUSTAINABILITY., ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 8. Energy and High Growth in India: Sustainability Issues 219 Yoginder K. Alagh The Issues 219 Energy and Economic Growth in India 220 Past Experience 232 Reasons for Poor Performance in Reform Period and Lessons Drawn 237 Transmission 239 Regulators 240 Financing and Administering Energy Efficiency 241 Decentralized Options 242 Conclusion 243 9. Sustainability of India's Economic Growth 247 Aparna Sawhney Introduction 247 Sustainability Measures of Growth 250 India's Economic and Environmental Performance Indicators 256 Learning from Empirical Analyses of the Indian Growth Story 264 Conclusion 272