Preface v List of plates xvii List of figures xxi Abbreviations xxvii Introduction - Architectural iconography 1 The basis of form 5 Philosophic and theological foundations 15 Numerology 19 Astrology/astronomy 30 Additional iconic concerns 31 The mandala 35 Magic squares mandalas 35 Vastu-purusha mandala 40 Manduka mandala 42 Paramasayika mandala 44 Manduka mandala, circular 46 Vajrayana mandala 48 Vajradhatu mandala 50 Stupa, symbolism and numerology 52 Gyanste kumbum, gyanste, Tibet 56 Garbh-griha plan 58 ancillary shrine plan 60 Temple plan 62 Notes 64 India and Sri Lanka 67 Stupa I, sanchi, India 70 Thuparama dagoba, sri lanka 72 Ruvanveli dagoba, sri lanka 76 Chaitya hall, karli, India 78 Buddhist cave-monastery #2, ajanta, India 82 Ladh khan, aihole, India 86 Durga temple, aihole, India 90 Shiva temple, indore, India 94 Subrahmanya temple, manjeri, India 98 Kilatali shiva temple, thiruvanchikula, India 102 Vadatage, polonnaruwa, sri lanka 104 Tivanka pilimage, polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka 110 Brahmeshvara temple, bhubeshwar, India 114 Keshava temple, Somnathpur, India 118 Garden pavilion, kotilal fort, delhi, India 124 Notes 127 Java (Indonesia) 129 Borobudur, java 132 Chandi lumbung, prambananm, Java 140 Chandi sewu, prambananm, Java 144 Loro Jonggrang, prambananm, Java 150 Chandi sari, prambananm, Java 156 Chandi djago, malang, java 160 Chandi panatatan sanctuary, kediri, java 164 Notes 168 Khmer (kambuja) 169 Preah ko, roluos 172 Bakong, roluos 176 Bakheng (mount ensemble), Angkor 180 Ta keo shrine, Angkor 186 Phimai prasat, Thailand 192 Baphuon, Angkor 196 Banteay samre temple, Angkor 200 Angkor wat, Angkor 206 Bayon, Angkor thom, Angkor 214 Notes 222 Pagan, Myanmar 223 Nat-Hlaung-Kyaung, Pagan 226 Nan-Hpaya, Pagan 230 Myin-Pya-Gu, Pagan 234 Shwe-zigon, Pagan 238 Naga-yon, Pagan 242 Ananda temple, Pagan 246 That-Byin-Ngu, Pagan 252 Dhamma-yan-Gyi, Pagan 258 Gawdaw-palin, Pagan 262 Myinkaba Kubyauk-Nge, Pagan 266 Bogyoke-Mi Kubyauk, Pagan 270 Dhamma-Yazika, Pagan 274 Mingala-Zeidi, Pagan 278 Pentagonal temple, Pagan 282 Paya-thon-zu, Pagan 284 Notes 287 Lanna Tai, Sukhothai, Ayutthaya & Rattanakosin (Thailand) 289 Chedi wat kukut, Lamphun 292 Chedi wat chang lom, si satchanalai 296 Wat phra Chao phnan choeng, ayutthaya 300 Wat mahathat, Sukhothai 304 Wat phra si Rattana Mahathat, Ayutthaya 310 Wat Phra Ram, Ayutthaya 314 Wat ratchaburana, Ayutthaya 318 Wat chedi chet yot, Chiang mai 322 Wat phra si sanphet, Ayutthaya 326 Chedi wat Phukhao Thong, Ayutthaya 330 Wat chai watthanaram, Ayutthaya 334 Wat Phra chetuphon, Bangkok 338 Lohaprasad, Wat theptidaram, Bangkok 344 Notes 348 Champa (Vietnam) 351 Pho-hai Shrine, Phan-thiet 352 Khng-my shrine, Hoi-an 354 Dong-dng Monastery 356 Notes 359 Postscriptus: Malaysia 361 Masjid terengkera, Malacca 362 Masjid Kampung Laut, Kelantan 366 Masjid kampong kling, Malacca 368 Masjid kampong Hulu, Malacca 370 Notes 372 Conclusions 373 Bibliography 381 Appendix A 397 Appendix B 487