INTRODUCTION 6 PIONEE R S OF STRUCTURE 20 FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI - The father of Renaissance architecture 22 QAVAM AL-DIN SHIRAZI - Architect to the House of Tamerlane 29 GIULIANO DA SANGALLO - Wood sculptor, architect and student of antiquity 34 SlNAN Master architect of the Ottoman Empire 40 SHAHJAHAN Mughal emperor and builder 45 CHRISTOPHER WREN Scientist, architect and engineer 51 SEBASTIEN LE PRESTRE DE VAUBAN Foremost military engineer of the 17th century 60 THE AGE OF IRON 66 THOMAS TELFORD Innovator of cast-iron bridge design 68 KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL - Genius and engineer 74 JAMES BOGARDUS - Inventor of cast-iron architecture 81 JOSEPH PAXTON Landscape gardener and architect 87 VICTOR BALTARD Municipal architect of Paris 95 ISAMBARD KINGDOM BRUNELVisionary railway engineer and ship designer 100 A. W. N. PUGIN Realist and revolutionary 107 EUGENE-EMMANUEL VIOLLET-LE-DUC Gothic as constructive 113 JOHN FOWLER Renowned developer of urban railways 119 CONCRETE AND STEEL 126 GIUSEPPE MENGONI Architect of Milan s Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II 128 WILLIAM LE BARON JENNEY Developed Chicago 's distinctive skyscrapers 134 GUSTAVE ElFFELEngineering mastermind of tall metal structures140 FRANCOIS HENNEBIQUE Symbol of reinforced concrete 148 ANTONI GAUDI Architect-craftsman with a unique creative style 153 Louis H. SULLIVAN Qrnamentalist, skyscraper designer and advocate of an 'American' style 162 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Architect of the space within 172 AUGUSTE FERRET An aesthetic language and doctrine for concrete construction178 LUDWIG MlES VAN DER ROHE The last great inventor of form 184 LE CORBUSIER In concrete or stone, wood or metal? 188 KONSTANTIN MELNIKOV Leap into the unknown 196 PIER LUIGI NERVI Transfigurations of an engineer 201 NEW VISIONS 206 R. BUCKMINSTER FULLER Design for thefature 208 OVE ARUP The outsider and the art of the impossible 217 Louis I. KAHN Architect of the poetics of action and construction 223 JEAN PROUVE The constructive imagination 229 OSCAR NlEMEYER Radical critic of Modernist orthodoxies 234 EERO SAARINEN Exuberance and technological innovation 240 FREI OTTO Innovator of tensile and membrane structure 247 FRANK GEHRY Designer of expressively iconic buildings 254 KENZO TANGE The architect of 'megas fractures 261 NORMAN FOSTER INvention and innovation in structure and mate 268 SANTIAGO CALATRAVA A universal designer 277 KENGO KUMA An architecture of materiality and immateriality 285 Contributors 290 Select Bibliography 294 Sources of Illustrations 300 Index 301