CONTENTS Foreword 7 Introduction 9 1 The issues involved A house from 1820 14 A house from the post-war reconstruction era 16 Determinism or changeability 17 Dwelling and the permanent 19 Conclusion 20 2 Methodology Frame 22 From element to layer 26 Five layers 31 Frame and disconnection 31 Five layers, five frames 34 Conclusion 43 3 The related development of structure, skin and scenery Disconnecting two shells of a single dome 47 The development of the scenery into a self-sufficient layer 50 Structure plus skin equals frame 53 The skin gains its independence 56 The steel skeleton becomes a frame 62 Three layers on equal footing 68 Structure and scenery 72 Structure and skin 76 Interplay of structure, skin and scenery 85 Skin and scenery 95 Conclusion 100 4 The development of services and access From flues to servant zones 106 Pipes and cables as liberators 109 An appliance as frame in Servant spaces 112 The access gains independence 121 Vertical access 126 Horizontal access 133 Fractalization of layers 146 Conclusion 146 5 The frame and the changeable dwelling The specifics of housing 150 Big projects, big assemblies as frame 151 Frame and support 161 Compartmentalization and base building 165 Service runs as stepping-off point for the frame 175 Dwelling design and scenery 185 Conclusion 197 6 Combinations and deliberations Combinations 200 Series of combinations 201 Deliberations when designing 216 Frame and technique 220 Conclusion 221 General conclusion 222 Epilogue 226 Index 231 Summary 235 Bibliography 243 Notes 249 Credits 256