Contents Preface iii List of Figures.. vii List of Tables.. xiii 1Introduction 1 1.1Purpose and Scope .. 1 1.2Report Contents and Organization. .. 2 2Overview of Building Safety-Evaluation Procedures. 3 2.1Basic Building Safety-Evaluation Procedures. 3 2.2Other Inspection Considerations 6 2.2.1Personnel Requirements.. 6 2.2.2Geotechnical Conditions . 7 2.2.3Hazardous Materials 8 2.2.4Right to Inspect 8 2.3Posting Categories 8 2.4Posting Criteria . 9 2.5Evaluation Forms .. 12 2.6Posting and Barricading Procedures.. 12 2.7Changing Posting Classification 13 2.8Use of Judgment Required 15 3Rapid Evaluation Procedure 17 3.1Introduction .. 17 3.2Rapid Evaluation Criteria 17 3.3Rapid Evaluation Damage Assessment 20 3.3.1Examples of Building Postings. 20 3.3.2Difficult Posting Decisions 24 3.3.3Substantial Damage Determination . 25 3.3.4Estimation of Percent Damage 26 3.4Inspection Process. .. 26 4Detailed Evaluation and Posting of Wind-Damaged Buildings. 29 4.1Introduction .. 29 4.2Building Categories. . 29 4.2.1Low-Rise Residential Buildings 30 4.2.2Low-Rise Commercial Buildings 34 4.2.3Mid-Rise and High-Rise Commercial Buildings . 40 4.3Detailed Postwind Evaluation Criteria 42 4.4Detailed Postwind Evaluation Procedure .. 45 4.4.1Building System Considerations 45 4.4.2Inspection Process. 45 4.4.3When the Structural System is not Viewable 51 4.4.4Estimation of Percent Damage 51 5Detailed Evaluation and Posting of Flood-Damaged Buildings. 54 5.1Introduction .. 54 5.2Building Classification for Flood Damage Evaluation.. 57 5.3Typical Building Damage 60 5.3.1Damage Due to Inundation and Hydrostatic Forces .. 60 5.3.2Damage Due to Velocity (Hydrodynamic Forces) 65 5.3.3Damage Due to Waves .. 66 5.3.4 Damage Due to Erosion and Scour .. 68 5.3.5Damage Due to Other Geological Conditions .. 70 5.4Detailed Postflood Evaluation Criteria 73 5.5Detailed Postflood Evaluation Procedure. .. 76 5.5.1Building System Considerations 77 5.5.2Inspection Process 77 5.5.3When the Structural System Is Not Viewable 83 5.5.4Estimation of Percent Damage 83 6Detailed Evaluation and Posting of Nonstructural Hazards. .. 84 6.1Introduction .. 84 6.2Evaluation Criteria .. 84 6.3Essential Facilities-Operational Considerations . 91 7Engineering Evaluation Method 94 8Field Safety for Inspectors .. 95 8.1Safety in the Field .. 95 8.2Hazardous Materials. 96 8.2.1Recognition of Hazardous Materials. 97 8.2.2Actions to Be Taken 97 8.2.3Field Equipment 97 9Human Factors Following Disasters.. 100 9.1Introduction . 100 9.2Dealing with the Owners of Damaged Property . 100 9.3Coping with Stress in the Field 101 Appendix A: Project Participants. 103 Appendix B: Evaluation Forms and Posting Placards .. 105 Appendix C: Example 1-Rapid Evaluation Ill Appendix D: Example 2-Detailed Evaluation .. 116 Appendix E: Guidance for Owners and Occupants of Damaged Buildings 123 References 130 Illustration Credits.. 132